Abstract: This article synthesizes past archaeological research on the submerged Egyptian city of Thonis-Heracleion, critically reviewing excavations and technological interventions deployed since its rediscovery by Franck Goddio and the IEASM team. Situated approximately 10 meters beneath Aboukir Bay near Alexandria, the city represents a significant nexus of Greek and Egyptian cultural heritage, vividly documented in classical sources such as Herodotus and Strabo. Prior excavations have recovered temple complexes, colossal statues, ritual artifacts, and an extensive array of ancient shipwrecks, mapping only a fraction of the extensive site. These investigations utilized pioneering geophysical methods, including multibeam sonar, side-scan sonar, and photogrammetry, establishing a comprehensive baseline for underwater exploration. Reviewing global advances in digital archaeology reveals transformative potential for emerging technologies—namely high-resolution underwater laser scanning, Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs), and AI-driven analytic frameworks such as neural networks for artifact identification and virtual reconstruction. To advance the Thonis-Heracleion project, this article proposes an interdisciplinary speculative research design integrating sonar and photogrammetric mapping, high-precision laser scanning, AI-assisted interpretation of architectural and textual remains, and immersive digital visualization strategies. This integrative approach leverages computational modeling, procedural reconstruction, and generative adversarial networks (GANs) to hypothesize missing features of the ancient city. Ultimately, the proposed methodology aims to digitally reconstruct Thonis-Heracleion in unprecedented detail, establishing a dynamic, interactive archaeological resource accessible across academic research, heritage conservation, and public engagement domains.

Keywords: Thonis-Heracleion, underwater archaeology, photogrammetry, artificial intelligence, digital reconstruction.