World Journal of Arts, Education and Literature
The World Journal of Arts, Education and Literature is a prestigious online open-access journal established in 2024, published by WASR Publication. WJAEL is dedicated to advancing and disseminating knowledge in the fields of arts, education, and literature through high-quality, peer-reviewed articles. The journal serves as a platform for scholars, educators, artists, and practitioners to share their research, innovative ideas, and creative works with a global audience.
The Role of Education and Unemployment in Poverty in Indonesia: A Provincial Panel Data Analysis, 2020–2025
Poverty remains a structural challenge in Indonesia's economic development, even as the direction of post-pandemic recovery has become fairly clear in recent years. This study is motivated by the concern that improving national poverty figures often mask sharp disparities across regions, and that the relationship among education, unemployment, and poverty cannot be fully understood from aggregate data alone. Drawing on official Statistics Indonesia (BPS) data for 2020–2025, the study explores how education and open unemployment shape poverty patterns in Indonesia, while testing whether a region's structural characteristics also influence the strength of that relationship. Rather than presenting a full-scale provincial panel covering all 34 provinces, the study transparently takes a more limited approach combining the national trend with case studies of several provinces whose data could be fully and officially traced as a consequence of open-data access constraints encountered during preparation. This approach was deliberately chosen to ensure that every figure used is genuinely drawn from official releases rather than unfounded estimates. The findings show that open unemployment plays an important role in driving poverty, and this effect becomes far more apparent once differences in regional characteristics are taken into account an indication that local structural factors cannot be ignored in poverty analysis. The level of education also appears to move together with declining poverty, although limited variation in the national data makes its pure effect difficult to separate from that of unemployment. The cross-provincial comparison reinforces this picture: regions with lagging human development consistently record far higher poverty than advanced metropolitan regions, and that gap narrows only very slowly over time. The study concludes with a recommendation that future research expand data coverage to all 34 provinces using BPS microdata (Susenas and Sakernas), and calls for a policy strategy that combines expanded access to upper-secondary education with formal job creation in provinces with lagging Human Development Index (HDI) scores.
Prevalence, Forms, and Predictors of Gender-Based Violence among Undergraduate Female Social Studies Students in Federal Universities, Plateau State, Nigeria
Gender-based violence (GBV) remains a pervasive but under-documented threat to the educational experience of female undergraduate students in Nigerian universities, yet little empirical evidence exists on its prevalence, dominant forms, and predictors among Social Studies education students specifically. This study assessed the prevalence rate, predominant forms, and socio-cultural, institutional, and individual predictors of GBV among undergraduate female Social Studies students in federal universities in Plateau State, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was adopted, anchored on Feminist Theory and Social Learning Theory. The population comprised 1,160 undergraduate female Social Studies students across the University of Jos and the Federal University of Education, Pankshin, from which a sample of 297 was drawn using a multi-stage sampling procedure (purposive, proportionate stratified, and simple random sampling), with the sample size determined via the Taro Yamane formula. Data were collected using a validated researcher-developed instrument, titled “Gender-Based Violence Prevalence, Forms, and Predictors Questionnaire” (GBVPFPQ), and analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation) and regression analysis to test three null hypotheses at the 0.05 level of significance. Results indicated a high overall prevalence of gender-based violence among respondents (grand mean = 2.73, SD = 1.02), with 63.3% reporting personal experience of GBV within the university environment. Psychological/emotional abuse was the most predominant form (M = 3.21), followed by sexual harassment (M = 3.04) and physical abuse (M = 2.61). Weak enforcement of institutional anti-GBV policies was the most significant predictor (M = 3.05), followed by patriarchal socio-cultural norms (M = 2.88). All three null hypotheses were rejected at the 0.05 level of significance (p < .05). The study concludes that GBV constitutes a measurable and identifiable risk factor within the university environment for this population, with implications for institutional policy, counselling provision, and gender-responsive campus safety planning. Recommendations are offered for university administrators, policymakers, counselling units, and advocacy stakeholders.
INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE CHANGE EDUCATION ON STUDENTS' ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION BEHAVIOUR IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA
This study examined the influence of climate change education on students' environmental conservation behaviour in secondary schools in Plateau State, Nigeria. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. The population comprised all senior secondary school students in public secondary schools in Plateau State. A sample of 600 students was drawn using a Stratified sampling procedure. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire titled Climate Change Education and Environmental Conservation Behaviour Questionnaire (CCEECBQ). The instrument was validated by experts in Educational Management and Environmental Education, while a reliability coefficient of 0.87 was obtained using Cronbach's Alpha. Data were analysed using mean, standard deviation, and multiple regression analysis at a 0.05 level of significance. The study findings revealed that climate change knowledge, awareness, attitudes, participation in climate change activities, and instructional practices significantly influenced students' environmental conservation behaviour. The study concluded that climate change education is a critical determinant of environmental conservation behaviour among secondary school students. The study recommended enhanced integration of climate change education into the school curriculum, teacher capacity development, and increased student participation in environmental activities.
MENTAL ACCOUNTING THEORY AND FINANCIAL DECISION-MAKING BEHAVIOR IN INDONESIA: A SECONDARY-DATA ANALYSIS OF INVESTOR DIVIDEND PREFERENCE AND THE FINANCIAL LITERACY-INCLUSION GAP
Mental accounting, the cognitive process through which individuals compartmentalize money into separate, non-fungible categories according to its source or intended use, has become a foundational concept in behavioral finance and behavioral accounting research. This study examines how mental accounting manifests in Indonesian financial behavior at two levels: household financial management and capital-market investor behavior, drawing entirely on secondary data published by national authorities and prior empirical studies. At the household level, the 2025 National Survey of Financial Literacy and Inclusion (SNLIK), jointly conducted by the Financial Services Authority (OJK) and Statistics Indonesia (BPS), reports a financial literacy index of 66.46 percent against a considerably higher financial inclusion index of 80.51 percent, a gap that widened further from the 2024 figures of 65.43 and 75.02 percent respectively. This persistent literacy-inclusion gap is interpreted through a mental accounting lens as evidence that households increasingly hold and use formal financial products without a corresponding capacity to integrate them into a single, fungible financial plan. At the capital-market level, prior Indonesian studies of investors on the Indonesia Stock Exchange find that investors treat dividend income and capital gains as separate mental accounts, remaining willing to spend dividends while reluctant to realize equivalent value through selling shares, and that this preference is consistent with the classical bird-in-hand explanation for cash dividend demand. The study concludes that mental accounting offers a coherent behavioral explanation linking two apparently distinct phenomena in Indonesia's financial system, household underutilization of financial literacy gains and continued corporate emphasis on cash dividend policy, and that both accounting disclosure practice and financial education policy would benefit from explicitly accounting for these non-fungible money categories rather than assuming rational, integrated financial decision-making.
COMMUNITY BEHAVIOR TOWARD SOCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS: A SECONDARY-DATA ANALYSIS OF TARGETING ACCURACY, DEPENDENCY, AND MISUSE IN INDONESIA'S PKH AND BPNT PROGRAMS
Social assistance programs such as Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH, the Family Hope Program) and Bantuan Pangan Non Tunai (BPNT, Non-Cash Food Assistance) are central instruments of Indonesia's poverty-reduction policy. The effectiveness of these programs, however, depends heavily on how recipient and prospective-recipient households behave toward eligibility rules, program duration, and beneficiary registration. This study analyzes three dimensions of community behavior toward social assistance — targeting accuracy, welfare dependency, and potential misuse — using secondary data drawn from Indonesia's integrated social-welfare database, national beneficiary records for PKH/BPNT, and statistics published by the National Development Planning Agency, the Ministry of Social Affairs, and the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). A descriptive quantitative approach is applied, combining documentary analysis of official reports with cross-tabulation of publicly available beneficiary statistics. The findings indicate that national targeting accuracy for BPNT has been estimated at only 47.46 percent, with an inclusion error of 71.04 percent, meaning a large share of registered beneficiaries no longer meet, or never met, eligibility criteria, while many eligible households remain excluded. Evidence from independent-graduation (graduasi mandiri) policy implementation shows persistently slow exit rates at the local level, alongside a national acceleration target of 300,000 graduating families in 2026 following 77,000 graduations in 2025, indicating a structural tendency toward long-term dependency. Cross-checked data with the Financial Transaction Reports and Analysis Center further reveal that indicated online-gambling activity has become one of the recognized grounds for removing beneficiaries, pointing to a distinct pattern of behavioral misuse. The study concludes that Indonesia's transition from the former integrated welfare database to the new single socioeconomic database, organized by welfare decile, offers a stronger institutional basis for correcting targeting errors, but that dependency and misuse remain governance challenges requiring stronger verification, graduation incentives, and cross-agency data synchronization.
THE ROLE OF ELECTRONIC WORD OF MOUTH (E-WOM) AND CONSUMER TRUST IN PURCHASE DECISIONS ON INDONESIAN E-COMMERCE PLATFORMS: A SECONDARY-DATA-BASED STUDY
The sustained growth of electronic transactions in Indonesia has positioned digital consumer behaviour as a strategic issue in marketing management. This article examines the role of electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) and consumer trust in purchase decisions on Indonesian e-commerce platforms through a systematic literature review supported by secondary data analysis. Data were drawn from official sources, including Statistics Indonesia (BPS), the Ministry of Trade, Bank Indonesia, Data Reportal/We Are Social, and market research surveys such as Populix, combined with a synthesis of prior empirical studies and established marketing references. The findings indicate that the volume and value of Indonesian e-commerce transactions continue to rise alongside expanding internet and mobile device adoption, and that platform trust is consistently the key determinant of consumers' choice of online marketplace. E-WOM, in the form of product reviews and peer recommendations, functions as an uncertainty-reduction mechanism that strengthens trust and ultimately drives purchase decisions. The article concludes that e-commerce marketing strategy should treat review management and trust-building as an integrated system rather than separate activities, and proposes an agenda for future empirical testing across different platforms and product categories.
IMPACT OF GENERATIVE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON STUDENTS’ CRITICAL THINKING AND ACHIEVEMENT IN SOCIAL AND CIVIC EDUCATION IN THE UNIVERSITY OF JOS
This study examined the impact of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) on students’ critical thinking and academic achievement in Social and Civic Education in the University of Jos. The study was motivated by the increasing use of GenAI tools such as ChatGPT, Gemini, and Copilot among university students and concerns regarding their influence on higher-order thinking skills and academic performance. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. The population comprised 129 postgraduate students (M.Ed and M.Phil) in Social and Civic Education, out of which 120 students were selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected using the Generative AI Usage Questionnaire, Critical Thinking Skills Scale, and students’ academic achievement scores. Mean, standard deviation, Pearson Product Moment Correlation, and t-test were used for data analysis at 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that students use GenAI to a high extent for academic activities such as idea generation, summarization, concept clarification, and examination preparation. The study further found that GenAI has a significant positive relationship with students’ critical thinking skills (r = 0.68) and academic achievement (r = 0.72). In addition, a significant difference was observed between frequent and rare users of GenAI in terms of academic performance, with frequent users performing better. The study concluded that Generative Artificial Intelligence enhances students’ critical thinking and academic achievement when used responsibly and purposefully. However, overdependence on GenAI may reduce independent reasoning and deep learning. It was recommended that universities develop policies and training programmes on ethical and effective use of GenAI to promote academic integrity and strengthen critical thinking in higher education.
Short, Medium, and Long-Term Budgeting and Fiscal Planning Roadmap Milestones for Energy Enthusiasts
This study examined the importance of a structured short-, medium-, and long-term budgeting and fiscal planning roadmap for enhancing sustainability and performance in Nigeria’s energy sector. The study was motivated by the persistent disconnect between annual budgeting decisions, medium-term fiscal frameworks, and long-term development strategies, which has contributed to policy inconsistency, inefficient resource allocation, and weak sectoral performance. Using a conceptual and empirical review approach, the study analyzed budgeting practices across different planning horizons and assessed their implications for key energy reforms in Nigeria. The theoretical foundation was anchored on Incrementalism Theory, Fiscal Planning Theory, Sustainable Development Theory, and Public Investment Theory. Empirical evidence was drawn from Nigeria’s power sector privatization and the fuel subsidy removal policy under the Tinubu administration. Findings revealed that while short-term reforms such as privatization and subsidy removal were implemented decisively, inadequate medium-term transition mechanisms and weak long-term financing frameworks limited their effectiveness and sustainability. The study further identified policy asymmetry characterized by strong initial policy actions, partial implementation in the medium term, and poor continuity in the long term. These gaps have contributed to persistent electricity shortages, inflationary pressures, increased poverty levels, and reduced industrial competitiveness. The study concluded that sustainable energy development requires an integrated fiscal planning framework that aligns short-term operational priorities with medium-term structural reforms and long-term sustainability goals. Consequently, it recommended a phased roadmap emphasizing fiscal discipline, targeted social protection, infrastructure financing, public-private partnerships, renewable energy investments, climate-responsive budgeting, and institutionalized multi-year expenditure frameworks. Such an approach would enhance policy coherence, improve financial efficiency, attract investment, and support Nigeria’s transition toward a resilient and sustainable energy future.
Digital Leadership Competence and Organisational Performance in the Era of Digital Transformation
This study investigated the relationship between digital leadership skills and organisational success throughout the digital transformation period. The research used a correlational survey design. The target demographic consisted of 150 managers from commercial banks functioning in the Port Harcourt Metropolitan. A total of 109 questionnaires were sent to branch managers, operations managers, customer service managers, ICT managers, and marketing managers of selected commercial banks in Port Harcourt. Reliability was determined through Cronbach’s Alpha, Composite Reliability (CR), and Average Variance Extracted (AVE). The simple regression statistical approach was used to evaluate the hypotheses using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27. Result indicates that digital leadership ability has a large and favourable impact on organisational performance during the digital transformation period. The research determined that digital leadership ability is essential for enhancing organisational performance during digital transformation. The study advised, among other recommendations, that commercial banks should enhance digital leadership training programs, invest in sophisticated digital communication systems, foster an innovative digital culture, refine technology adoption strategies, and implement comprehensive digital performance monitoring systems.
EFFECTS OF CONCEPTUAL DIAGRAMS TECHNIQUE ON SCHOOL LOCATION-BASED ATTITUDE AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN SOCIAL STUDIES IN BIU, BORNO STATE
This study investigated the effects of Conceptual Diagrams Technique (CDT) on school location-based attitude and academic achievement of Junior Secondary School students in Social Studies in Biu Local Government Area, Borno State, Nigeria. The study was guided by three research questions and three hypotheses. A quasi-experimental research design of the non-equivalent control group pre-test–post-test type was adopted. The population comprised 4,282 Junior Secondary School II students, while a sample of 216 students drawn from four intact classes participated in the study. Two research instruments, the Students’ Attitude to Social Studies Questionnaire (SASSQ) and the Social Studies Achievement Test (SSAT), were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation, while Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that there was no significant difference in the attitude of urban and rural students exposed to CDT. However, students taught Social Studies using CDT achieved significantly higher academic scores than those taught using the conventional lecture method. Furthermore, no significant difference was found between male and female students’ achievement when taught using CDT, although females had slightly higher mean scores. The study concluded that CDT is an effective, learner-centred instructional strategy for improving students’ academic achievement in Social Studies irrespective of school location and gender. It was recommended that Social Studies teachers should adopt CDT to enhance meaningful learning and improve students’ performance.
JOHN RAWLS ON JUSTICE AS FAIRNESS AND THE BRITISH SOUTHERN CAMEROON’S PROBLEM
John Rawls’ theory of Justice as Fairness provides a powerful framework for evaluating political legitimacy, equality, and the protection of fundamental rights within society. Rawls argues that a just society is one in which social and political institutions are organized according to principles that free and rational individuals would choose behind a “veil of ignorance,” where no one knows their social status, ethnicity, wealth, or political position. His theory emphasizes equal basic liberties, fair equality of opportunity, and the arrangement of social and economic inequalities to benefit the least advantaged members of society. The British Southern Cameroons problem presents a significant challenge to the realization of justice and fairness in Cameroon. Following the 1961 reunification between the former British Southern Cameroons and the Republic of Cameroon, many Anglophone Cameroonians have expressed concerns over political marginalization, cultural assimilation, unequal representation, and the erosion of the federal arrangements that initially guaranteed their autonomy. These grievances have fueled demands for greater political recognition, federalism, and, in some cases, outright independence. From a Rawlsian perspective, the legitimacy of political institutions depends on their ability to ensure equal rights and opportunities for all citizens regardless of linguistic or cultural identity. The persistent complaints of exclusion and unequal treatment among Anglophone populations suggest a departure from Rawls’ principles of fairness and justice. If the original constitutional and political arrangements no longer guarantee equitable participation and protection of minority rights, Rawls would likely advocate institutional reforms designed through inclusive dialogue and public reason. Such reforms should seek to restore trust, protect cultural diversity, and create conditions under which all citizens can enjoy equal liberties and opportunities. Furthermore, Rawls’ concept of the social contract implies that political arrangements must continuously reflect the consent and interests of those governed. Addressing the British Southern Cameroons issue therefore requires policies grounded in justice, mutual respect, and democratic participation. A Rawlsian solution would prioritize peaceful negotiations, constitutional guarantees, decentralization or federal restructuring where necessary, and the protection of fundamental human rights. Ultimately, Justice as Fairness offers a valuable normative framework for understanding and resolving the British Southern Cameroons problem by promoting equality, inclusion, and political legitimacy in a diverse society. Keywords: ; ; ; ; ; ;
THE CONCEPT OF THE COMMON GOOD IN THE POLITICAL THOUGHT OF YVES SIMON
The concept of the common good occupies a central place in the political philosophy of Yves Simon. Drawing heavily from the Aristotelian-Thomistic tradition, Simon develops a nuanced understanding of political society that seeks to reconcile individual freedom with the collective welfare of the community. This study examines Simon's conception of the common good, its philosophical foundations, and its significance for contemporary political thought. It argues that Simon's understanding of the common good transcends purely utilitarian or collectivist interpretations by presenting it as a moral and social reality that enables the flourishing of both individuals and society as a whole. The paper begins by exploring the intellectual influences that shaped Simon's political philosophy, particularly the works of Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas. It highlights Simon's conviction that political authority exists not merely to preserve order or protect individual rights but to promote the conditions necessary for the realization of human dignity and virtue. In this framework, the common good is understood as a shared good that can be enjoyed by all members of the political community without diminishing the freedom or well-being of any individual. Furthermore, the study analyzes Simon's critique of modern individualism and totalitarianism. While rejecting the excessive emphasis on self-interest characteristic of liberal individualism, Simon equally opposes political systems that subordinate the person entirely to the state. Instead, he proposes a balanced vision in which the human person and the political community are mutually dependent. The common good thus serves as a principle of unity that harmonizes personal development with social responsibility. The paper also investigates the practical implications of Simon's theory for democratic governance, civic participation, and social justice. It demonstrates how his conception of the common good provides an ethical foundation for political institutions and public policies aimed at fostering solidarity, cooperation, and human flourishing. In an era marked by political polarization, social fragmentation, and competing conceptions of the public interest, Simon's thought offers valuable insights into the relationship between individual rights and communal obligations. Ultimately, this study concludes that Yves Simon's understanding of the common good remains a significant contribution to political philosophy, providing a compelling framework for addressing contemporary political and social challenges while preserving both personal dignity and the welfare of the community.
Reconceptualizing Menopause: Nutrition, Policy, and Positive Aging
Menopause signifies a pivotal developmental phase in women's well-being, characterized by endocrine alterations that elevate susceptibility to skeletal, circulatory, and physiological imbalances. Nutritional approaches present an economical, non-medicinal method for diminishing these dangers; however, alimentary modifications remain underemphasized in middle-age health regulations. This broad investigation synthesizes evidence concerning the function of nourishment in fostering healthy senescence among climacteric women, with specific emphasis on the Indian environment. A methodical examination of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and non-indexed publications identified investigations released from 2000 to 2025. Results emphasize the safeguarding function of calcium, vitamin D, plant-derived estrogens, and proportionate macronutrient consumption in lessening climacteric indications and enduring pathology. Policy evaluation exposes that while national initiatives, such as the National Health Mission and POSHAN Abhiyaan, tend to women’s nourishment generally, menopause-related strategies are insufficient. This investigation emphasizes the requirement for unified alimentary recommendations, population-level nutrition instruction, and regulative structures that openly acknowledge menopause as a communal health imperative. Reinforcing these actions could improve well-being and decrease the incidence of non-transmissible ailments in maturing women.
Socio-Linguistic Cartography: Mapping the Semiotic Landscapes, Spatial Terminology, and Institutional Well-Being of Traditional Germanic Linguistic Spaces
This research introduces the concept of Socio-Linguistic Cartography. This is an interdisciplinary framework that combines Germanic linguistic structuralism, spatial semiotics, and geoinformatics. Traditional linguistic landscapes and musical-cultural zones are inherently spatial. They form psychological boundaries and environmental anchors (Heimat) that shape group identity. By using an integrated Geospatial Data Workflow that includes high-resolution remote sensing, digital terrain modeling, and spatial queries, this study maps the physical and cognitive structures of historical dialectal and acoustic regions. Furthermore, this text examines these geoinformatic bases alongside contemporary communication models, language-focused teaching methods, and socio-emotional frameworks. This study suggests that preserving cultural spaces and linguistic heritage may contribute to reducing digital disconnection and organizational fragmentation. By incorporating land surveying perspectives, sustainability indicators, and spatial analysis approaches, this study proposes an interdisciplinary framework that may support linguists, geospatial researchers, and educational leaders in issues related to space management, heritage preservation, and institutional well-being.
ETHNOMUSICOLGICAL: A MUSICOLOGICAL AND EXPLORATIONS OF DANCE FORMS IN CALABAR INTERNATIONAL CARNIVAL EXPERIENCES
This paper took a critical look at dance forms in carnival performances with focus on the Carnival Calabar. Carnivals are predominantly, better felt and experienced in dance. Dance is as old as mankind although its origin is lost in antiquity. dances are usually performed and feats into majority of the music played by different bands during the Calabar carnival. The paper argues that aspect of performance is peculiar to youths as they make up more than 80 percent of the carnival bands, that gives it verve and street credibility, especially because of their mastery of the dance routines. The paper concludes that the emergence of these new forms of dance in Nigeria has not gone unnoticed hence the attack on it by cultural relativist critics, theorists and scholars in the society.
PARENTAL ATTITUDES AND INSTITUTIONAL DISCIPLINARY AUTHORITY: IMPLICATIONS FOR STUDENTS’ BEHAVIOUR AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS
Discipline and parental engagement remain critical factors in promoting academic success and positive student behaviour in secondary schools. However, the erosion of institutional disciplinary authority by parental interference has emerged as a significant challenge in Nigeria. This study investigated the influence of parental attitudes and the erosion of school disciplinary authority on students’ behaviour and academic achievement in public secondary schools in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Anchored on Ecological Systems Theory and Social Control Theory, the study adopted a correlational research design involving 480 SS II students sampled through multi-stage sampling techniques. Data were collected using the Parental Attitudes Toward School Discipline Questionnaire (PASDQ), Students’ Behaviour Rating Scale (SBRS), and Academic Achievement Record Form (AARF). Analyses included Pearson Product Moment Correlation, Multiple Regression, and Independent t-tests at 0.05 significance. Findings revealed that positive parental attitudes toward discipline significantly enhance academic achievement, while parental interference negatively affects performance. Parental attitudes and institutional disciplinary authority jointly predicted 28% of students’ academic achievement, and students from high-support homes outperformed peers from low-support homes. The study concludes that home–school collaboration and consistent disciplinary enforcement are essential for academic success. Recommendations include parental education programs, policy enforcement, and structured behavioural monitoring.
VISUAL POLLUTION IN PUBLIC SPACES: BETWEEN ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, AND THE PUBLIC’S RIGHT TO AESTHETICS
The city of Denpasar is currently facing a massive phenomenon of visual pollution due to the haphazard placement of outdoor media such as billboards, banners, and signs, creating a sense of visual pollution in public spaces. This situation creates a paradox regarding Denpasar’s vision as a Culture-Based Creative City and the principles of the Sapta Pesona tourism framework. This study aims to uncover the forms and causal factors of visual pollution and analyze its impact on urban aesthetics, public safety, and the cultural identity of the community. Using a critical qualitative method, the research was conducted through field observations at strategic locations such as Jalan Teuku Umar and semi-structured interviews with relevant stakeholders. The results indicate that visual pollution is driven by the dominance of economic interests aimed at increasing Local Revenue (PAD) and political interests that often disregard regulations and spatial aesthetics. The resulting impacts include a decline in residents’ psychological comfort, physical hazards from structurally unsound constructions, and visual hegemony that obscures local cultural symbols. This article contributes scientifically by providing a multidisciplinary analysis of the tension between regulations and field practices, as well as offering policy recommendations to ensure that the arrangement of outdoor media aligns with the principles of Tri Hita Karana and the identity of the City of Culture.
Fostering Women Entrepreneurship through Government Initiatives: Evidence from India
Women entrepreneurs contribute significantly to inclusive economic development by creating employment opportunities and helping reduce poverty. Recognizing their importance, governments—especially in India—have launched various initiatives to improve women’s access to finance, skills, technology, markets, and institutional support. This study reviews existing literature to examine the influence of such policy measures on women’s entrepreneurial behaviour, particularly their willingness to take risks. The study also proposes a mixed-methods framework to evaluate the effectiveness of selected government schemes. The findings suggest that policy support has a positive impact, but its success depends on how well different components are integrated. Financial assistance alone is not sufficient; it must be complemented by skill development, market access, and strong support systems. The study concludes that sustainable outcomes require a comprehensive approach that not only promotes entrepreneurship but also addresses deeper structural and social challenges faced by women. Strengthening policy design and implementation can significantly enhance the growth and success of women-led enterprises. Keywords: , , .
Structural Transformation and Growth of Capital Markets in India
The Indian capital market has a long and evolving history, tracing its origins to the 18th century when securities of the East India Company were first traded. Since the 1890s, the capital market has played a significant role in supporting the sustainability and growth of the Indian economy by facilitating efficient allocation of financial resources. Acting as a bridge between savings and investment, the capital market contributes to wealth distribution, capital formation, and overall economic development. A major transformation in the Indian capital market occurred בעקבות the New Economic Policy 1991, which introduced liberalization, privatization, and globalization. Post-reform, regulatory bodies such as the Securities and Exchange Board of India implemented various measures to improve transparency, efficiency, and investor protection. The market facilitates the mobilization of medium- and long-term funds from diverse sources, including households, financial institutions, and corporate entities. In recent years, there has been a steady rise in household participation in financial instruments, ranging from low-risk fixed-return options to market-linked securities. However, inadequate financial literacy continues to pose challenges, emphasizing the need for greater investor awareness regarding various investment avenues. Additionally, foreign institutional investors have emerged as key drivers of market dynamics in developing economies like India. This study examines the types and historical evolution of the Indian capital market, its role in economic development, and the impact of reforms on its growth. It also analyzes recent developments, including the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on stock market performance, highlighting both challenges and resilience in the financial system.
Managing Human AI Collaboration: Strategic HR Approaches in Digital Workplaces
The rapid integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into organizational environments has transformed traditional work structures and redefined the role of Human Resources (HR). Rather than replacing employees, AI increasingly functions as a collaborative partner that augments human capabilities. This study aims to examine how HR can strategically manage human–AI collaboration to ensure sustainable organizational performance. Using a qualitative descriptive approach with a systematic literature review, this research synthesizes relevant theories, including Sociotechnical Systems Theory, Job Design Theory, Technology Acceptance Model, and Human–AI Augmentation perspectives. The findings indicate that successful human–AI collaboration depends on five key factors: job redesign and role clarity, AI literacy and continuous skill development, adaptive performance management systems, ethical governance and trust-building, and a supportive organizational culture. The study highlights that HR must shift from administrative functions to strategic leadership roles in digital transformation. By aligning technological innovation with human capability development and ethical principles, organizations can maximize productivity while maintaining employee engagement and trust. This research contributes to the growing discourse on AI in human resource management and provides a conceptual framework for managing AI as a workplace “co-worker.
Gender Differences and Key Predictors of Self-Regulated Learning
This study investigates key predictors and gender differences in self-regulated learning (SRL) and motivation among Moroccan university students of English as a foreign language (EFL). It also examines students’ motivational profiles and their use of SRL strategies in relation to academic achievement in English. The study involved 403 Moroccan EFL university students (219 females and 184 males), and data were collected using the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ). Descriptive statistics, independent-samples t-tests, and multiple regression analyses were conducted to assess levels of SRL and motivation, explore gender differences, and identify significant predictors of academic achievement. The findings revealed that students reported generally high levels of SRL strategy use and motivational orientations. Regression analyses indicated that elaboration, self-efficacy, and extrinsic goal orientation were significant predictors of English academic achievement. In terms of gender differences, female students demonstrated significantly higher engagement in SRL strategies than male students, whereas no statistically significant differences were found in motivational beliefs. These findings highlight the importance of fostering effective self-regulated learning strategies and enhancing motivational factors in university EFL contexts, which suggests that educational practices that explicitly support SRL development can contribute to improved academic achievement across genders.
Copyright (c) 2026 World Journal of Arts, Education and Literature
Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment in Residential Healthcare Settings: The Role of Employers and Employees
Workplace safety remains a critical concern in residential healthcare settings, where employees face diverse physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic, and psychological hazards. This article examines the fundamental principles of hazard identification and risk assessment within the context of a nursing home or long-term care facility. Drawing on Irish and international occupational safety and health (OSH) frameworks, the study explores the distinct but complementary roles of employers and employees in creating and maintaining a safe working environment. Using a structured risk assessment methodology, the article evaluates five categories of hazards commonly encountered in healthcare settings physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic, and psychological applying a standard risk matrix to determine risk levels and identify appropriate control measures. The findings underscore that systematic hazard identification, rigorous risk assessment, and the implementation of the hierarchy of controls significantly reduce workplace injuries and ill health (Larbi, 2024; Singh, 2020). Furthermore, the article highlights the importance of a strong safety culture, effective emergency procedures, and robust incident reporting systems. The study concludes that sustained commitment from both employers and employees, underpinned by comprehensive training, worker participation, and continuous improvement, is essential for safeguarding the health and well-being of healthcare workers and residents alike.
Forensic Investigation as a Tool for Financial Crime Detection and Corruption Control: A Study of Nigeria
This research evaluates the importance of forensic investigation as an instrument for identifying, preventing and curbing corruption and financial offences in Nigeria. Primary survey data were gathered using structured questionnaires. Five hundred questionnaires were distributed to senior personnel of the Nigerian Police Force, selected academic staff from tertiary institutions, partners in professional accounting firms, bank managers, senior officers of principal anti‑graft agencies, and members of the Nigerian Judiciary including Senior Advocates. The collected data were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Findings indicate that forensic investigation positively influences the prevention, detection and control of corruption and financial crimes in Nigeria. The study advises that existing anti‑graft statutes and regulations in Nigeria be reinforced to empower forensic inquiry, reduce or eradicate financial crimes and foster a corruption‑free economy through an uncompromising campaign against financial crimes supported by the government’s firm commitment to prosecute offenders.
Teamwork and Employee Productivity in University Press Plc, Nigeria
Despite the recognized importance of teamwork to organizational success, many workplaces continue to struggle to foster effective collaboration among employees. This study investigates the effect of teamwork on employee productivity at University Press Plc (UPPLC) in Nigeria. Using a cross-sectional survey design, the study explores how teamwork dimensions, communication, spirit, and trust affect employee productivity. The study population was 245 company staff from the Western and Northern regions. A structured questionnaire was randomly administered to a sample of 152 employees across UPPLC’s regional offices. Primary data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression. Findings showed a positive and statistically significant effect of teamwork dimensions on productivity. The study concludes that teamwork is important in improving the productivity of employees of the organization. It recommends that the management of the company should implement regular team meetings and feedback sessions to encourage open-door policies and transparent leadership communication.
Dancing Culture: Unpacking the Dynamics of Igbo Atilogwu and Zulu Dance in Sub-Saharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa boasts a rich tapestry of dance traditions that articulate social values, historical narratives, and cultural identity. This study examines Igbo Atilogwu and Zulu dance, highlighting their dynamics, performative aesthetics, and communal significance. Utilizing qualitative methods, including textual analysis, observation, and interviews, the research explores how these dances communicate cultural heritage, foster social cohesion, and adapt to contemporary influences. Insights from David Essi’s studies on music in communal rituals, war dances and cultural identities, and contemporary Nigerian dance styles further illuminate the interplay between tradition, performance, and social perception. The study finds that dance serves as both a repository of historical memory and a medium for ongoing cultural negotiation, offering opportunities for tourism, education, and identity reinforcement.
Copyright (c) 2025 World Journal of Arts, Education and Literature
PERFORMATIVE COMMUNICATION AND INDIGENOUS DIPLOMACY IN CONFLICT RESOLUTION: UKPUKPE DRUMMING AND THE YORUBA TALKING DRUM
Indigenous conflict resolution mechanisms in Africa have historically relied on culturally embedded performative communication systems. Among the Aniocha people of Delta State, the Ukpukpe drum has been central in mediating disputes, while the Yoruba Talking Drum has played a similar role among the Yoruba communities of southwestern Nigeria. This paper investigates the interplay of performance, musical symbolism, and diplomacy in these indigenous contexts. Using an ethnographic approach, field observations, and literature synthesis, the study demonstrates that drumming operates as a performative language capable of conveying social norms, facilitating negotiation, and restoring communal harmony. Findings reveal that the Ukpukpe and Yoruba drums not only communicate messages but also reinforce cultural identity, social cohesion, and moral authority. This study contributes to the understanding of performative communication in African diplomacy and highlights the importance of preserving indigenous knowledge systems in contemporary conflict resolution.
PARENTAL SUPPORT IN PHONICS INSTRUCTION SCALE (PSPIS)
Early literacy development is strongly influenced by systematic phonics instruction and active parental engagement in home-based reading practices. Although parental involvement has been widely studied, there is a lack of standardized instruments specifically designed to measure phonics-focused parental support at the elementary level. The present study aimed to develop and validate the Parental Support in Phonics Instruction Scale (PSPIS). An initial pool of 48 items was generated based on established literacy theories and empirical research. This was followed by a pilot study and expert review with 100 elementary students, item discrimination analysis using the extreme group method resulted in the refinement of a 38-item scale. The final instrument demonstrated strong internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha (α) = 0.89), with subscale reliability coefficients ranging from 0.79 to 0.87. The PSPIS comprises five dimensions: Parental Guidance in Phonics Learning, Parental Assistance in Reading Practice, Home Literacy and Phonics Environment, Monitoring and Academic Supervision, and Emotional and Motivational Support for Reading. The findings indicate that the scale is reliable and valid for assessing multidimensional parental support in phonics instruction.
Human-Centric Logistics 5.0: Enhancing Workforce Productivity and Safety in Nigerian Logistics Operations
The emergence of Logistics 5.0 has redefined operational paradigms in global supply chains by prioritizing human-centric systems that integrate advanced technologies with workforce well-being, productivity, and safety. In Nigeria, where logistics operations are characterized by infrastructural deficits, high occupational risks, and labour-intensive processes, the adoption of human-centric logistics remains both a strategic necessity and a developmental imperative. This study examined human-centric Logistics 5.0 as a framework for enhancing workforce productivity and safety in Nigerian logistics operations, with empirical evidence drawn from logistics firms operating in Nigeria. The study adopted a quantitative and explanatory survey research design. The population was 1200 employees of logistics firms in Port Harcourt, using Taro Yamen formula for sample determination, 300 logistics employees across warehousing, transportation, and supply chain management units was determined and administered copies of questionnaire, out of which 289 were returned and 280 were valid for analysis, representing a 96% effective response rate. Descriptive and Pearson Product Moment Correlation statistical techniques were employed to analyze the data and test the hypotheses. Findings revealed that human-centric Logistics 5.0 significantly improve workforce productivity and safety. The study concludes that the transition from traditional logistics systems to human-centric Logistics 5.0 is critical for sustainable productivity and workforce protection in Nigeria’s logistics sector. It recommends strategic investment in smart safety technologies, workforce upskilling, ergonomic system design, and policy-driven digital transformation frameworks tailored to developing economies.
Development of a Course and Training Information System Integrating SCM and DSS for Non-Formal Education Providers
Non-formal education providers, particularly course and training institutions, face major challenges in adapting to digital technology. To date, data management and public information dissemination have often been partial, manual, or reliant on limited platforms. The urgency is amplified by weak public information management by both providers and government. Existing systems remain fragmented and largely confined to administrative operations, lacking supply-chain integration and strategic decision support. This study aims to: produce a design of a course and training information system named sikapin.id that integrates Supply Chain Management (SCM) and a Decision Support System (DSS); analyze the system’s feasibility; and analyze its practicality for users. The study used a Research and Development (R&D) approach, adapting the Borg & Gall model. Participants included administrators of Course and Training Institutions (LKP), Job Training Institutions (LPK), and prospective trainees in Semarang City, Indonesia. A limited-scale trial involved 30 respondents. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings show that: (1) sikapin.id was successfully developed with an architecture that supports operational, tactical (DSS), and strategic (SCM) levels; (2) the system was rated “Highly Feasible” by design experts (87.5%), media experts (87.5%), and practitioners (94.1%); and (3) the system demonstrated high practicality for prospective trainees (mean = 3.44) and was “very practical” for providers (mean = 3.64). The novelty of this study is the integrated synergy of SCM and DSS within the non-formal education ecosystem, shifting the information system paradigm from passive administrative record-keeping to an interactive knowledge-management system that systematically connects market demand with training supply.
ARMED BANDITRY IN NIGERIA’S NORTH-WEST AND COMMUNITY PEACE ACCORD: CONSEQUENCES ON STATE SECURITY
For over a decade now, armed banditry has become one of the major social and economic problems that characterized life among millions of the population around the North-Western part of the country. Despite the negative effects that banditry has caused, the government has been making concerted efforts to manage the excesses of the armed bandits through various combatant operations by both the military and other security operatives. Stakeholders believed the conventional operations, which were financed through budgetary supports running into trillions of naira since 2011, failed simply because of a combination of several social and economic reasons. While these operations failed, agitation have been on for the government to enter into reconciliation by way of a peace accord with the armed bandits for peace to prosper. The reconciliation measures, however, failed because of what many believed is attributed to a lack of sincerity by both the bandit criminals and the government. While the murderous activities of the armed bandits continue to resurface with grave consequences and dynamism, communities believe that, since peace is the only option, they could try the option of entering into an independent peace accord in isolation from the government. The independent peace accord has so far provided some relative peace to various communities in the North-Western part of Nigeria, even though there have been scores of armed bandit attacks that have been recorded. Despite that, many believed the idea of community dialoguing with the armed bandits in isolation from the government has produced some relative peace. The paper adopted a mixed research methodology of literature review and field interview with a view to ascertaining the extent of the facts and reasons behind the fresh community/bandits peace accord.