World Journal of Arts, Education and Literature
The World Journal of Arts, Education and Literature is a prestigious online open-access journal established in 2024, published by WASR Publication. WJAEL is dedicated to advancing and disseminating knowledge in the fields of arts, education, and literature through high-quality, peer-reviewed articles. The journal serves as a platform for scholars, educators, artists, and practitioners to share their research, innovative ideas, and creative works with a global audience.
POPULISM AND TOXIC LEADERSHIP: THE TWO FACES OF CHARISMATIC AUTHORITY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND INDUSTRIAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY
This article examines the phenomenon of toxic leadership observed in the business world with rising populism in contemporary political processes from the perspective of both political science and industrial and organizational psychology. The charismatic authority, frequently used by populist leaders, is a strong source of motivation that activates the masses, but also has risks that threaten democratic institutions and organizational balances. This dual structure is the promise of hope, belonging and transformation, which attracts followers on the “bright” face of charismatic authority; On the “dark” face, it involves the suppression of critical thought, dependence relations and critical thought. While the literature of industrial and organizational psychology shows the destructive effects of toxic leadership on employee commitment, job satisfaction and organizational productivity, political science research draws attention to the potential of weakening democratic values ​​of populist leadership. In this context, the article considers charismatic authority as a bidirectional phenomenon both in organizational and political context; On the one hand, it discusses its constructive effects that increase social and organizational motivation, and on the other hand, the destructive aspects that trigger authoritarianization and institutional collapse. The study is based on literature screening and aims to evaluate the intersection areas of populism and toxic leadership from a holistic perspective by blending the theoretical frameworks in different disciplines. This approach offers an interdisciplinary discussion for both political science and organizational psychology.
industrial and organizational psychology
Composition Pedagogy as AI‑Native Coding: From Design Kit to Scholarly Framework
This article advances a field-ready framework that reconceives first-year composition as AI-native coding, translating a complete “design kit” into scholarly method, evaluative protocol, and curriculum architecture. Background: Contemporary composition pedagogy emphasizes process, genre awareness, and collaborative revision; meanwhile, modern software practice operationalizes iteration through version control, test-driven development, and continuous integration. The uploaded kit demonstrates that these cultures are isomorphic: writing stages align with SDLC phases, and automated pipelines can lint prose, execute argument “tests,” and publish artifacts with auditable histories. Approach: The study systematizes that kit into (1) a conceptual map that recasts authorship as orchestration and verification, (2) a pipeline specification that integrates rhetorical linters, claim-evidence checks, retrieval-grounded fact audits, and CI dashboards, and (3) an assessment regime that grades specification quality, revision discipline, and process transparency alongside argument strength and source integration. Significance of results: The framework yields inspectable process evidence that reduces adjudication ambiguity, raises floor quality on conventions through automation, and reallocates instructor attention to higher-order reasoning; it further proposes a mixed-methods research program that couples CI telemetry with blinded ratings to estimate effects on argument adequacy, equity for multilingual writers via audit trails, and transfer across disciplines. By treating “voice” as measurable style alignment under constraints and “authorship” as documented governance over generative systems, the model offers a reproducible answer to integrity, workload, and scalability in an AI-saturated academy. The contribution is a discipline-legible, automation-forward blueprint that programs can adopt in enhanced, driven, or autonomous variants without requiring coding prerequisites, supported by ready-to-deploy rubrics, YAML exemplars, and policy templates.
Psychosocial Challenges of Inmates: A Literature Review on District Jail, Aligarh
Prisoners often face numerous psychosocial challenges, including mental health disorders, emotional distress, social isolation, and stigmatization. This study explores the psychosocial problems of inmates in District Jail, Aligarh, with a focus on their psychological well-being, social relationships, and reintegration into society. The research utilizes qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze the impact of incarceration on prisoners’ mental health and social functioning. The findings highlight the need for social work interventions, psychological counseling, and policy reforms to improve the well-being of prisoners.
Education and Sustainable Development: an Emphasis on Vietnam
This paper examines the impact of education on sustainable development—including productivity growth and reforestation—with a focus on the case of Vietnam. We employ the Vector Autoregressive model for panel data (Panel VAR) to examine any possible two-way causality between a pair of variables. The results suggest that education plays a more significant role on productivity in Vietnam compared to other countries in Asia. However, oweverforest growth in Vietnam is slightly lower than in other Asian countries. Regarding reverse causality, we find that the effect of productivity growth on education is also lower in Vietnam than in different Asian countries. The reverse causality of forest growth on education is statistically insignificant for both groups.
Digital Resurrection of Thonis-Heracleion: Technological Advances in Underwater Archaeology and a Speculative AI-driven Reconstruction Methodology
This article synthesizes past archaeological research on the submerged Egyptian city of Thonis-Heracleion, critically reviewing excavations and technological interventions deployed since its rediscovery by Franck Goddio and the IEASM team. Situated approximately 10 meters beneath Aboukir Bay near Alexandria, the city represents a significant nexus of Greek and Egyptian cultural heritage, vividly documented in classical sources such as Herodotus and Strabo. Prior excavations have recovered temple complexes, colossal statues, ritual artifacts, and an extensive array of ancient shipwrecks, mapping only a fraction of the extensive site. These investigations utilized pioneering geophysical methods, including multibeam sonar, side-scan sonar, and photogrammetry, establishing a comprehensive baseline for underwater exploration. Reviewing global advances in digital archaeology reveals transformative potential for emerging technologies—namely high-resolution underwater laser scanning, Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs), and AI-driven analytic frameworks such as neural networks for artifact identification and virtual reconstruction. To advance the Thonis-Heracleion project, this article proposes an interdisciplinary speculative research design integrating sonar and photogrammetric mapping, high-precision laser scanning, AI-assisted interpretation of architectural and textual remains, and immersive digital visualization strategies. This integrative approach leverages computational modeling, procedural reconstruction, and generative adversarial networks (GANs) to hypothesize missing features of the ancient city. Ultimately, the proposed methodology aims to digitally reconstruct Thonis-Heracleion in unprecedented detail, establishing a dynamic, interactive archaeological resource accessible across academic research, heritage conservation, and public engagement domains.
HEDONISTIC LIFESTYLE AMONG GENERATION Z: A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF CONSUMPTIVE BEHAVIOR ON SOCIAL MEDIA
This study explores the influence of social media on the hedonistic lifestyle and consumer behavior of Generation Z in Indonesia. Using a qualitative interpretative approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 12 participants aged 18–25 and document analysis of popular social media content. Thematic analysis revealed four key themes: social media as a lifestyle mirror, consumption as a tool for social validation, the psychological effect of Fear of Missing Out (FoMO), and the tension between financial literacy and impulsive behavior. The study found that social media platforms significantly shape consumer identity, reinforce symbolic consumption, and amplify peer influence through algorithmic exposure. Despite having awareness of financial management, many participants admitted to making purchases driven by social pressure and emotional triggers. However, some individuals demonstrated adaptive strategies such as digital minimalism and content filtering to mitigate these effects. The results highlight the need for holistic interventions that combine financial education, emotional resilience, and digital media literacy. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how digital culture shapes financial behavior among youth and suggest pathways for educational and policy responses to promote responsible consumption in the age of social media.
The influence of reading habits on students’ academic performance in secondary schools Hargeisa, Somaliland
Reading habits play a crucial role in shaping students' academic performance, particularly in secondary schools. This study investigates the influence of reading habits on academic performance among secondary school students in Hargeisa, Somaliland. A descriptive survey research design was employed, involving 200 students from five secondary schools selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, covering reading frequency, materials read, and perceived impact on academic performance. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses, including Pearson correlation, were used to assess relationships between reading habits and academic achievement. The findings indicate a significant positive correlation between reading habits and students’ academic performance, with frequent and diverse reading contributing to better grades. However, challenges such as limited access to reading materials, distractions from digital entertainment, and inadequate reading culture hinder students' reading engagement. The study recommends policy interventions, including improved library facilities, structured reading programs, and awareness campaigns to promote a strong reading culture. These findings contribute to the broader discourse on literacy development and academic success in secondary education.
DEMONSTRATION METHOD IN SCIENTIFIC KHITHABAH LEARNING FOR PBA UNNES STUDENTS
This study aims to analyze the need for the demonstration method in the teaching of Khithabah Ilmiah (Scientific Oration) for fourth-semester students of the Arabic Language Education program. Specifically, it seeks to analyze the necessity of developing new products (models, methods, media, teaching materials) and to assess the feasibility and requirements for such development.Product development can be initiated by identifying problems in existing or implemented products. Problems may arise because current or available products are no longer relevant to the target needs, learning environment, technology, learner characteristics, and so on.After analyzing the problem and the need for new product development, it is also necessary to assess the feasibility and prerequisites of the product development. These include: Learning Effectiveness: Developing a demonstration method can enhance learning effectiveness by providing students with a better understanding of the concepts or skills being taught. Interactivity: The demonstration method allows students to be actively involved in the learning process. They can observe, listen, and follow the steps shown by the instructor. Practical Experience: Demonstrations offer students practical experience, which helps them understand concepts or skills better than through theoretical learning alone. Visualization: Visual demonstrations can help students grasp abstract or difficult concepts that are hard to understand through words or images alone. Motivation: An engaging and interactive demonstration method can increase student motivation, as they can see the tangible results of what they are learning. Diversified Learning: Developing demonstration methods allows for variety in teaching, which can help students with different learning styles understand the material more effectively. Performance Assessment: Demonstrations can also serve as a tool for performance assessment, allowing students to demonstrate their ability to apply what they have learned. Lecturer Engagement: The demonstration method encourages lecturers to plan and present learning materials more effectively, which can also enhance their teaching skills. Continuous Improvement: The development of demonstration methods should be a continuous process. Evaluation and feedback from students and instructors should be used to consistently improve the method.The development of the demonstration method is an important way to improve the quality of education and help students better understand the subject matter. By designing and developing effective demonstration methods, we can create more meaningful learning experiences for students.
Inclusive Development and Gender Mainstreaming for Viksit Bharat: Bridging Gaps through Social Justice and Equity
Inclusive development and gender mainstreaming are crucial for achieving the vision of Viksit Bharat—a developed India that ensures equitable opportunities for all. This paper explores the importance of integrating gender perspectives into policymaking, economic growth, and social justice frameworks to bridge systemic gaps in access, participation, and empowerment. Through a multidimensional approach, the study highlights the role of social work interventions, legal frameworks, and grassroots movements in promoting gender equity. It also examines global best practices and their relevance to India's socio-economic landscape.
The Anthropology of Adult Faith Formation through Sunday Homilies
This study explores the anthropology of adult faith formation through Sunday homilies in the cathedral parish of Butare. Its objective is to assess how culturally grounded homilies contribute to adult catechesis, social development, and spiritual maturity. The central hypothesis posits that adult parishioners engage more deeply with homilies when these integrate elements of Rwandan cultural anthropology, such as oral tradition, memory, and communal storytelling. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining content analysis, anthropological observation, and survey techniques. Five Sunday homilies were analyzed for their incorporation of adult-centered themes, historical references, reconciliation, and cultural narratives. Forty-five CUR students responded to a questionnaire on their perceptions of Sunday Mass homilies. Additionally, structured interviews were conducted to gather broader insights into the perceived effectiveness of homilies in adult faith formation. The findings reveal that 67% of adult respondents reported improved understanding when cultural references were used; 71% felt spiritually strengthened by such homilies, while 48% noted that homilies lacked sufficient practical life application. Community interviews highlighted that elders particularly value homilies aligned with traditional wisdom and moral instruction. The study concludes that integrating anthropology into theological formation enhances both the delivery and reception of adult catechesis. It underscores the need for training theologians in adult-focused catechetical pedagogy that respects cultural contexts. These findings suggest new mission opportunities at the intersection of theology and anthropology to deepen adult faith in Rwandan communities.
Biblical Foundations and Catholic Social Teaching in Promoting Integral Human Development
This study explores the Biblical Foundations and Catholic Social Teaching (CST) in Promoting Integral Human Development through a case study of the Catholic University of Rwanda (CUR). The objective is to assess how theology students understand, internalize, and apply the principles of CST in their formation and pastoral engagement. The central hypothesis is that while students value integral human development, there exists a gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application due to curricular limitations and socio-cultural challenges. The main research question is: To what extent are biblical and CST principles integrated into the theological and pastoral training of CUR students, and how does this influence their role in promoting human development? Data was collected through a mixed-method approach combining surveys (n=120) and focus group discussions with theology students. Techniques included thematic content analysis and descriptive statistics. Findings reveal that 86% of respondents associate integral human development with the holistic well-being of the person, rooted in dignity and justice. 74% correctly identified scriptural references supporting the common good and solidarity. However, only 41% were familiar with key CST documents such as Populorum Progressio and Caritas in Veritate. While 62% reported involvement in outreach or youth initiatives, only 38% believed CST principles were strongly integrated into their academic formation. Students perceive CUR as a moral model (72%) but expect enhanced curricular emphasis on CST and practical field experiences. The study concludes that strengthening CST integration in theological education at CUR is essential for forming catechists as transformative agents of development in Rwandan society. Keywords: , , , , ,
Sunday Homilies and the Anthropology of Catholic Social Teaching: Theological and Cultural Dialogue
This research explores how Sunday homilies reflect and convey Catholic Social Teaching (CST) through a cultural-anthropological lens. The objective is to assess how homilies engage with Rwandan anthropological values, such as ubumwe (unity), Ubuntu (human dignity), and gukunda umurimo (dignity of work), to promote social transformation. The hypothesis is that culturally contextualized CST homilies have a measurable influence on people’s social consciousness and engagement. A total of 100 CUR students participated in a survey, and 30 were involved in focus groups discussing homilies heard over 10 Sundays homilies in cathedral parish of Butare and its centrales. Homilies were also thematically analyzed for CST principles. Statistical analysis revealed that 81% of students recalled homilies that explicitly addressed justice or reconciliation themes, and 59% indicated they took action as a result of such preaching. Furthermore, 74% affirmed that the inclusion of local wisdom made the homily more compelling. However, only 35% of students found consistent application of CST in Sunday preaching. The study concludes that while CST themes are often present in Sunday homilies, their deeper cultural embodiment varies by preacher and location. The integration of Rwandan anthropological values with CST in preaching strengthens faith-based ethical action. The research recommends structured training for clergy and theology students on CST and indigenous ethical frameworks, enhancing the transformative power of Sunday homilies among young Catholic leaders.
Injustice and individualism in Pedro Calderón de la Barca's The Doctor of his own Honor
We are conducting this study of injustice and individualism in Pedro Calderón de la Barca's The doctor of his own honor with the aim to show how Calderón de la Barca exposed the social facts of his time, by staging the themes of injustice and individualism in his drama, on the one hand, and on the other, to analyze and highlight the didactic significance of this piece for our supposedly modern life, and finally to make some suggestions for a partner's life devoid of any kind of violence. We have carried out this study using a sociocritical approach and objective, comparative, aesthetic and analytical methods. This enabled us to understand that Pedro Calderón de la Barca, through his novel The doctor of his own honor, reveals how, because of what people will say, moral pressure and the maintenance of honor at all costs to the point of the ultimate sacrifice, one can commit atrocities, unfairness, obscene, irrational and criminal acts, just to respect a supposed code of honor. Secondly, Calderón de la Barca makes us understand that excessive jealousy and obsession in a couple have harmful consequences, and whatever happens, we must act with prudence, thinking also of the life and well-being of others.
The Ideas and Thoughts of Ibrahim Hosen on Indonesian Fiqh
Ibrahim Hosen was a prominent religious figure and Islamic legal thinker in Indonesia who focused intensely on the field of fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence). His ideas and thoughts aimed to assimilate national law with Islamic law so that the two legal systems would not contradict each other. However, some of his views were often considered controversial and deviated from the general understanding of mainstream ulama (Islamic scholars). Ibrahim Hosen applied a method of ijtihad (independent legal reasoning) that prioritized rationality in formulating Islamic legal rulings. The concept of Indonesian fiqh should ideally accommodate all interests in order to achieve just and equitable laws. Society should be given the freedom to choose their own madhhab (school of thought), while the government should adopt a neutral stance and embrace all groups to prevent religious discord.
LEADERSHIP IN EDUCATIONAL CONTEXTS: THE ROLE OF COMMUNICATION AND COLLABORATION IN INSTITUTIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
Leadership, derived from the term pimpin (to lead), encompasses a range of attributes and strategic approaches essential to the effective management of organizations, particularly within educational institutions. In this context, effective leadership as exemplified by school principals is characterized by a well-defined vision, a strong sense of commitment, and the capacity to inspire both educators and students toward the attainment of shared objectives. Resilient leadership, in particular, reflects a deep sense of dedication and accountability to the institution’s long-term sustainability and overall success. Communication plays a pivotal role inreinforcing leadership functions. As a conduit for disseminating knowledge, values, and institutional policies, effective communication fosters productive interactions among all members of the educational community. Structured and transparent communication encourages collaboration among stakeholders, thereby contributing significantly to the enhancement of educational quality. Accordingly, it is imperative for school leaders to articulate their vision clearly in order to establish supportive relationships with teachers, students, parents, and external partners. Moreover, successful collaboration among key components of the school system students, curriculum, and educators can cultivate a positive and inclusive learning environment, while simultaneously building mutual trust. This dynamic strengthens the institution's ability to fulfill its educational mandate. Therefore, the integration of effective communication practices and collaborative strategies constitutes a critical foundation for achieving educational goals and for fostering an innovative, responsive, and successful educational landscape.
The Role of Leadership in Successful Digital Transformation
Digital transformation is a big challenge for organisations in various sectors, not only in terms of implementing new technologies, but also in changing work culture and individual mindsets. This research aims to analyse the role of leadership in the success of digital transformation through a qualitative approach based on literature study. The results show that transformational leadership with strategic vision, adaptability, and risk-taking have a positive correlation with successful digitalisation. Resistance to change and lack of digital understanding among leaders are the main obstacles that often cause digital transformation failure. To overcome these challenges, leaders must build a culture of innovation, improve employees' digital literacy, and implement data-driven strategies in decision-making. By applying a flexible and innovative leadership approach, organisations can improve their competitiveness and ensure the success of digital transformation. This research provides an academic contribution in understanding the leadership factors that play a role in digitalisation as well as practical recommendations for organisational leaders in facing the digital era.
LEADERSHIP AGILITY AND DIGITAL DISRUPTION: A QUALITATIVE EXPLORATION OF ADAPTIVE LEADERSHIP
The rapid evolution of digital technology has fundamentally reshaped organizational landscapes, requiring leaders to develop leadership agility—the ability to swiftly adapt, think strategically, and drive innovation in response to dynamic changes. Traditional leadership models struggle to navigate the complexities of volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA) environments, making leadership agility a critical competency in the digital era. This study employs a qualitative phenomenological approach to explore how leaders perceive and implement agility in decision-making, innovation management, and organizational adaptability. Semi-structured interviews with industry leaders provide insights into key enablers and barriers to agile leadership. Findings reveal that leaders who embrace leadership agility demonstrate adaptability in decision-making, effective integration of emerging technologies, and foster inclusive and learning-oriented cultures. Case studies from various organizations illustrate successful applications of agile leadership, leading to increased innovation, enhanced workforce productivity, and improved market competitiveness. However, barriers such as resistance to change, lack of digital literacy, and bureaucratic structures hinder agility adoption. This study underscores the need for structured leadership agility training programs and the integration of agility principles into corporate governance frameworks. Organizations that cultivate agile leadership will be better positioned to thrive in the digital economy. Future research should focus on strategies to accelerate the development of leadership agility across different industries.
“Reconciling Africa’s Spiritual Identity: From the Slave Castle to the Throne of Grace – Empowering Generation Z to Lead the Transformation”
Africa’s spiritual identity has been forged in the crucible of historical tribulation, cultural dislocation, and divine providence. From the grim specters of the slave castles—symbols of human suffering and systemic dehumanization—to the liberating throne of grace, which epitomizes God’s redemptive love and unmerited favor, this journey reflects both the depths of human brokenness and the heights of divine restoration. This keynote endeavors to articulate the theological significance of reconciling Africa’s spiritual identity in light of its historical and contemporary challenges, with a particular focus on the pivotal role of Generation Z as agents of transformation within this sacred narrative. The transatlantic slave trade and subsequent colonial incursions fractured the spiritual and cultural continuity of the African continent, imposing alien theological constructs that often coexisted uneasily with indigenous faith traditions. Yet, through the indelible work of grace, Africa has emerged as a locus of spiritual vitality and renewal. In this era, Generation Z—a generation uniquely attuned to issues of justice, identity, and global interconnectedness—stands poised to reclaim and recontextualize Africa’s spiritual legacy within the framework of God’s sovereign purposes. This presentation examines how Africa’s historical experiences of bondage and liberation can be theologically reframed through the lens of God’s salvific plan. It explores the doctrinal implications of grace as a restorative force that heals the wounds of history, bridges cultural and generational divides, and positions the Church in Africa as a prophetic voice in the global theological landscape. Central to this discourse is an exploration of how Generation Z can be discipled to discern and embody their unique vocation as custodians of both spiritual heritage and eschatological hope. By employing biblical exegesis, historical theology, and practical ministry frameworks, this keynote illuminates the profound intersection between historical memory, spiritual identity, and generational calling. It argues that the throne of grace represents not merely a metaphorical place of solace but a tangible locus of empowerment from which Africa’s spiritual identity can be reconciled, renewed, and projected onto the global stage. Ultimately, this keynote challenges theologians, church leaders, and educators to engage in a deliberate praxis of intergenerational mentorship, cultural theological reflection, and ecclesial collaboration. By equipping Generation Z to lead Africa’s spiritual reawakening, the Church can transcend the lingering shadows of the slave castles and embrace the throne of grace as a testament to God’s redemptive power, thus embodying the hope of the gospel in an era yearning for reconciliation and restoration.
Resilience and Rebirth: Tracing Africa’s Journey from the Slave Castles to Sovereignty – Analyzing the Role of Generation Z as Protagonists in Shaping Africa’s Socioeconomic, Political, and Cultural Renaissance
This research delves into Africa’s profound historical transformation, tracing the journey from the harrowing days of the slave castles to the emergence of modern sovereignty, while placing Generation Z at the forefront of the continent’s next evolution. The legacy of Africa's painful history—marked by slavery, colonialism, and oppression—has shaped its sociopolitical and economic landscapes, creating enduring challenges but also nurturing resilience. This study examines how the complex past, particularly the traumatic experiences of slavery and colonial subjugation, has laid the foundation for Africa’s quest for self-determination, and how these historical forces continue to influence contemporary struggles for sovereignty, unity, and development. At the core of this research is an analysis of Generation Z, a cohort uniquely positioned to drive Africa’s future. This generation, born into a rapidly changing global environment, is digitally connected, socially aware, and increasingly entrepreneurial. The study explores how Generation Z can utilize the lessons learned from Africa’s historical struggles to become effective agents of transformation, confronting contemporary challenges such as political instability, economic inequality, environmental crises, and social fragmentation. Through an interdisciplinary approach, this paper investigates the role of Generation Z in reshaping Africa’s political systems, enhancing governance, fostering innovation in education, and driving cultural renaissance. The study further explores the potential of this generation to leverage technology and global networks for grassroots movements, while remaining anchored in African values, spirituality, and ethical principles. In particular, it underscores the importance of nurturing resilient leaders who not only possess intellectual acumen but also a deep understanding of Africa’s cultural identity and a commitment to ethical leadership. Moreover, this research critically examines how Generation Z can contribute to Africa’s cultural revival, ensuring that the continent’s rich traditions and heritage are preserved and celebrated in the face of globalization. Spiritual empowerment, mentorship, and intergenerational collaboration are highlighted as essential elements in equipping the youth with the wisdom, resilience, and integrity required to navigate an increasingly complex world. By exploring both the historical context and the opportunities that Generation Z presents, this paper argues that this generation holds the key to a prosperous and sustainable Africa. With the right investments in education, leadership development, and spiritual growth, Generation Z can become the transformative force that propels Africa into a new era of progress, unity, and global influence.
Ecclesial Praxis and Societal Reformation: The Strategic Role of the Church in Holistic Community Transformation
The Church has long been a pivotal institution in shaping societies, not only through spiritual guidance but also by fostering social, economic, and political transformation. This paper explores the concept of ecclesial praxis as a dynamic framework for understanding how faith communities actively engage in societal reformation. It examines the Church’s strategic role in fostering holistic community transformation through moral and ethical leadership, social justice advocacy, educational development, healthcare initiatives, and economic empowerment. Historically, the Church has served as a moral compass, influencing governance, human rights, and ethical discourse. In contemporary contexts, ecclesial institutions continue to address systemic challenges such as poverty, inequality, and corruption, often bridging gaps where state interventions fall short. This paper critically analyzes the interplay between ecclesiastical structures and secular governance, arguing that sustainable transformation requires innovative partnerships between religious and secular institutions. The discussion is grounded in theological perspectives, empirical case studies, and historical precedents that illustrate the Church’s potential as a catalyst for comprehensive societal renewal. Furthermore, the paper engages with contemporary theological discourses on missional engagement, exploring how the Church can adapt to changing socio-political landscapes while maintaining its prophetic voice. It also evaluates the effectiveness of various faith-based initiatives in driving sustainable development, peacebuilding, and conflict resolution. The study underscores the necessity of a proactive, context-sensitive ecclesial praxis that moves beyond traditional pastoral roles to embrace strategic leadership in community transformation. Ultimately, the paper advocates for a redefined missional theology—one that integrates spiritual renewal with social action, economic resilience, and policy advocacy. In an era marked by rapid globalization, shifting cultural identities, and emerging socio-political crises, the Church must embrace a holistic model of engagement that aligns faith with action, ensuring its relevance as a transformative force in the 21st century.
A Critical Analysis of Ralph Tyler's Principles: Their Role in Shaping Historical and Foundational Curriculum Theories and Contemporary Educational Practices
This article provides an in-depth critical analysis of Ralph Tyler's principles of curriculum development, highlighting their profound influence on historical and foundational theories of curriculum and their enduring relevance in contemporary educational practice. Tyler's model, often referred to as "Tyler's Rationale", is based on four guiding questions: What educational goals should the school seek to achieve? What educational experiences can be provided to achieve these goals? How can these experiences be effectively organized? How can we determine whether the goals are being achieved? These questions, rooted in the behavioral and pragmatic educational philosophy of his time, emphasize the importance of clear objectives, systematic design, and measurable outcomes in program planning. The study traces the historical evolution of curriculum theories, situating Tyler’s framework within broader educational movements such as scientific management and progressive education. It explores the intersections between Tyler’s principles and the contributions of leading theorists, such as John Dewey, who advocated experiential learning, and Franklin Bobbitt, who emphasized efficiency and task analysis in “education.” While recognizing Tyler’s important contributions, the article criticizes the limitations of the model, particularly its descriptive nature, which can limit creativity, adaptability, and inclusion of diverse student needs. The analysis also explores the reinterpretation and adaptation of Tyler's principles in contemporary education, where global interconnectedness, technological innovation, and emphasis on critical thinking and creativity challenge traditional curriculum models. The study examines how educators and policymakers are addressing these challenges, using Tyler’s principles as a foundation, while integrating learning-centered, inquiry-based, and culturally responsive practices. Drawing on both historical and contemporary perspectives, the study advocates for a dynamic approach to curriculum development that honors Tyler’s legacy while embracing the flexibility, inclusivity, and innovation needed to meet the complexities of 21st-century education. It emphasizes the need for a curriculum that not only fulfills predetermined goals but also promotes holistic development, critical awareness, and the ability to adapt to a rapidly changing world.
EFFECT OF AUDIT QUALITY ON AUDITOR’S LIABILITY OF SELECTED COMPANIES IN NIGERIAN
The main objective of this study is to examine the effect of audit quality on auditor’s liability of selected companies in Nigerian. While the specific objectives are; to determine the effect of audit fee on audit litigation and fine, to establish the effect of audit firm size on audit litigation and fine; and to ascertain the effect of auditor tenure on audit litigation and fine. Secondary data was used for this study and the time frame for the study is six (6) years (2016 to 2021). The analyses of data were done by regressing the dependent variables through the ordinary least square (OLS) techniques. Using panel data of 25 consumer and conglomerate goods companies quoted on the Nigeria Exchange Group as at 31st December, 2021. The study revealed that audit fees significantly and negatively affect audit litigation and fine of selected companies in Nigeria. Audit firm size significantly and negatively affects audit litigation and fine of selected companies in Nigeria. The negative relationship between auditor’s tenure and audit litigation and fine of selected companies in Nigeria is not significant. The study therefore recommends among others that audit firms should increase their audit fees to reflect the level of effort and care taken during the audit process, Stakeholders should consider the size of the audit firm when evaluating the financial statements of firms.
The Pragmatics of Misrepresentation: A Comparative Analysis of Select 2023 Campaign Speeches
Election periods tends to offer critical opportunity for change to the better especially for countries that practice democracy as their governance choice. Nigeria, like many African countries, in the turn of the century, switched to this governance style. The 2023 general election was expected to be a critical turning point in the nation’s democratic journey with politicians employing persuasive language to influence public opinion especially during campaigns. Over time, by utilizing rhetoric, exaggeration, and unrealistic promises, politicians aimed to foster unwarranted hope among voters. And this reliance on misleading tactics poses a serious problem as it misinforms citizens and cultivates unsustainable expectations that erode faith in the democratic process over time. This study, relying on the survey descriptive design, examines the pragmatic nature of misrepresentation in political discourse through a comparative analysis of the speeches delivered by Peter Obi, Bola Tinubu, and Atiku Abubakar during the Nigerian 2023 general elections. Through the theorization of loaded language, the study investigates the linguistic choices, speech patterns, and rhetorical strategies employed by these prominent candidates to shape public perception in order to acquire or maintain power. The result shows an overreliance on rhetoric that inspires through ambitious vision rather than informs through practical reason. It also shows politicians to be prone to presenting themselves and solutions in a glorified and over simplified terms that makes governance to be unrealistically achievable. Overall, the research contributes to a better understanding on how language is manipulated in political campaigns and to empower citizens with the ability to critically evaluate politicians' messages.
ASSESSMENT OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN KNOWLEDGE OF LIBRARIANS ON RDA AND THE IMPLEMENTATION IN SELECTED UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES IN NIGERIA
This study assessed Relationship between Knowledge of Librarians on RDA and the Implementation in Selected University Libraries in Nigeria. The study tests the hypothesis there is no significant relationship between the knowledge of librarians on RDA and its implementation in selected university libraries in Nigeria. The study employed a correlation research design, suitable for measuring the degree of association between variables. The target population comprised cataloguers and classifiers from four selected university libraries in Nigeria. Purposive sampling was used to ensure a manageable sample of 39 individuals. The primary data collection instrument was a self-designed questionnaire titled "Questionnaire Assessment of Relationship between Knowledge of Librarians on RDA and the Implementation in Selected University Libraries in Nigeria." The questionnaire underwent validation and reliability testing. Data collection involved the assistance of four research assistants, and data analysis utilized both descriptive and inferential statistics, including the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (PPMC). The study analyzed the demographic characteristics of the respondents, including gender, working experience, and qualification. It revealed that the majority of respondents were male (56.4%), with the highest percentage having 6-10 years of working experience (41.0%), and holding a Bachelor's degree in library and information science (48.7%). The statistical analysis using PPMC yielded a non-significant relationship (p > 0.05) between librarians' knowledge of RDA and its implementation in selected university libraries in Nigeria. This finding implies that knowledge of RDA is not a predictable variable for librarians in university libraries in Nigeria. The study recommended that the establishment of regular and comprehensive RDA training programs, the development of online resources, and the consideration of certification programs.
PERCEPTION OF MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION AMONG EDUCATION STUDENTS IN UNIVERSITY OF MAIDUGURI, BORNO STATE
This study was conducted to assessed Perception of measurement and evaluation among education students in university of Maiduguri, Borno State. It was guided by one null hypothesis. Survey research design was adopted for the study. A sample of 377 undergraduate students was used for the study using a multistage sampling technique. Perception of measurement and evaluation among education students (PMEES) was used as an instrument for data collection. Split-half was used to test the reliability of the instrument using cronbach Alpha analysis to estimate the internal consistency of the instrument and reliability coefficient value of 0.84. Descriptive statistics of frequency count, percent, mean and standard deviation. The null hypothesis was tested using one sampled t-test at 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed there is significant perception of measurement and evaluation among education students in university of Maiduguri, Borno State it was recommended there should be revise in the content of measurement and evaluation courses which should also contain theoretical and practical content knowledge to improve the quality and proper recognition of the certificates and degrees awarded to students.
Advancing Analytical and Problem-Solving Skills for STEM-Related Challenges: Exploring Innovative Educational Strategies and Practical Applications
The increasing complexity of global challenges in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) has increased the need for individuals with advanced analytical and problem-solving skills. This article explores a range of innovative educational strategies designed to enhance these skills in students, ensuring they are prepared to face real-world STEM challenges. The study integrates theoretical knowledge with practical applications, focusing on methodologies such as inquiry-based learning, collaborative problem-solving, project-based learning, and the integration of cutting-edge digital tools and technologies. These approaches aim to foster critical thinking, adaptability, and creativity in students. The research includes case studies that demonstrate the successful implementation of these strategies in various STEM learning environments, highlighting measurable improvements in student engagement, academic performance, and the ability to design effective solutions to complex problems. The study also highlights the importance of interdisciplinary learning, where connections between STEM disciplines are used to provide holistic and contextually relevant educational experiences. In addition, mentoring, experiential learning, and real-world problem-solving projects are seen as essential elements to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and its practical application. Particular attention is paid to the challenges that educators face in adopting these strategies, including limited resources, resistance to change, and the need for professional development. The article offers recommendations for policymakers and educators, advocating for flexible, inclusive, and student-centered teaching methodologies. These include curriculum reforms, increased investment in educational technologies, and the promotion of industry-academia partnerships to provide students with opportunities for hands-on experience in STEM fields. The findings highlight the crucial role of equipping students with analytical and problem-solving skills to effectively address technological, environmental, and social challenges. By fostering these skills, educational institutions can prepare a generation of innovators capable of driving progress and sustainability in a rapidly changing world. This study contributes to the broader discourse on STEM education by providing actionable insights into how innovative strategies can transform traditional learning environments into incubators of creativity and problem-solving skills.
Strategic Crisis Leadership or Bureaucratic Paralysis? An Advanced Evaluation of Vice Chancellors' Responses to Complex Institutional Challenges in Higher Education Management
The role of Vice Chancellors (VCs) in higher education is becoming increasingly complex as they navigate a landscape marked by financial constraints, policy shifts, technological disruptions, global competition, and growing demands for institutional inclusivity, sustainability, and innovation. This study critically evaluates the leadership responses of VCs to these multifaceted crises, exploring whether they exhibit strategic crisis leadership characterized by innovation, adaptability, and proactive decision-making, or fall into bureaucratic paralysis driven by systemic rigidity and hierarchical inefficiencies. Through an advanced analytical framework, the research synthesizes data from global case studies, interviews, and institutional reports to uncover patterns in leadership styles, crisis management strategies, and stakeholder engagement. The findings demonstrate a spectrum of leadership behaviors: while some VCs successfully implement transformative strategies to mitigate challenges and leverage opportunities, others are hindered by institutional inertia, overly complex bureaucracies, and resistance to change, further exacerbating vulnerabilities. This study highlights the dynamic interplay between leadership agility, organizational culture, and external pressures, underscoring the critical need for regulatory flexibility, continuous leadership development, and a culture of shared governance to foster resilience. By offering actionable insights and recommendations, this research aims to strengthen institutional governance frameworks, ensuring that higher education institutions can remain sustainable, competitive, and relevant in an ever-evolving global context.
Integrative Analysis of Neurobehavioral Patterns and Physiological Manifestations in Adolescent Substance use Disorders: An Advanced Academic Perspective
This research investigates the complex interrelationship between neurobehavioral patterns and physiological manifestations of substance use disorders in adolescents, a critical yet often underexplored area of addiction studies. Adolescence represents a period of heightened vulnerability due to ongoing brain development, hormonal changes, and increased exposure to risk factors such as peer pressure, stress, and environmental influences. Substance use during this phase not only disrupts normal developmental trajectories but also predisposes individuals to long-term behavioral, psychological, and physical health challenges. The study employs an interdisciplinary framework to explore the multidimensional nature of addiction in adolescents. It integrates cutting-edge neuroimaging techniques, such as functional MRI and PET scans, to examine changes in brain structure and function associated with substance use. These findings are coupled with behavioral analyses, including assessments of cognitive impairments, emotional regulation difficulties, and decision-making deficits. Additionally, longitudinal studies are conducted to track the progression of addiction over time, providing insights into the transition from recreational use to dependency. Central to this research is the identification of early biomarkers of addiction, which may include neurochemical alterations, genetic predispositions, and observable behavioral patterns. The study also investigates the role of socio-environmental factors, such as family dynamics, socioeconomic status, and cultural influences, in shaping addiction trajectories. Furthermore, it examines the bidirectional relationship between substance use and mental health conditions, such as anxiety, depression, and conduct disorders, which are prevalent among adolescents struggling with addiction. The findings aim to fill critical gaps in the literature by providing a nuanced understanding of how addiction uniquely impacts adolescents at the neurobiological and psychosocial levels. This research seeks to inform the development of targeted, evidence-based interventions tailored to the specific needs of this demographic. Recommendations include early detection strategies, personalized treatment plans, and preventative measures designed to mitigate risk factors before addiction becomes entrenched. By bridging the divide between theoretical models and clinical applications, this post-doctoral study contributes to advancing the discourse on adolescent addiction. It emphasizes the urgent need for a multidisciplinary approach to address the rising prevalence of substance use disorders in this vulnerable population, offering pathways for improved prevention, intervention, and recovery outcomes.
The Influence of Global Legal Education Trends on the Evolution and Reform of Zambia's Legal Frameworks
This paper examines the impact of global legal education trends on Zambia’s legal frameworks, highlighting the transformative effects of curriculum reform, technological integration, and the emphasis on international law. As the legal education landscape continues to evolve worldwide, Zambia's legal system faces both challenges and opportunities in adapting to these changes. The standardization of legal education and the adoption of international best practices can enhance the competency of legal practitioners and improve the overall quality of legal training in the country. Moreover, the integration of technology into legal education provides greater accessibility and facilitates the dissemination of legal knowledge, particularly in underserved regions. This study argues that the convergence of global legal practices and the strengthening of institutions through enhanced education could foster a more robust rule of law in Zambia. By embracing these trends, Zambia has the potential to modernize its legal frameworks, better align with international standards, and ultimately contribute to its socio-economic development.
Exile and Quest for the Identity: Philip Roth’s Diaspora Writing in The Patrimony: A True Story
The Patrimony: A True Story is a non-fiction by Philip Roth, which constantly reflects the memory fragments of an ordinary Jewish family in America. As a Jewish writer, Roth cannot deny the fact that he is influenced by the traditional culture of the Jewish nation. The Patrimony: A True Story contains the writing of the Jews, represented by Roth’s father, adhering to religious independence, observing traditional Jewish culture. It depicts the integration and coexistence of Jewish culture and multiculturalism. Roth tracks down the origin of Jewish culture and seeks Jewish identity. Eventually, Roth accepts his American Jewish identity and inherits Jewish blood and cultural traditions. These characteristics are an important manifestation of Roth’s Jewish identity, which indicates The Patrimony: A True Story is a significant representation of diaspora writing.