World Journal of Applied Medical Sciences
type: channel
description: World Journal of Applied Medical Sciences, ISSN: 3049-0200 (Online) is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal dedicated to the dissemination of academic and scientific research in the medical sciences. Published monthly by WASR Publication in India, the journal provides a platform for researchers and scholars to publish high-quality articles. All content is available online and published in English, making it accessible to a global audience.
publisher: WASR Publication
language: en
publication name: World Journal of Applied Medical Sciences
issn: 3049-0200
items: Machine Learning Models to Predict Chemotherapy Resistance in Breast Cancer Using Single-Cell Sequencing
items: Deep-Learning Models for Ultrasound, Mammography, and MRI Fusion for Accurate Tumor Segmentation
items: "GC-MS Characterization of Ziziphus spina-christi Essential Oil and its Antioxidant Efficacy in Rabbit Models"
items: INFLUENCE OF SPINE DEGENERATION IN THE CERVICAL DEPARTMENT ON THE NEUROLOGICAL STATUS IN PERSONS WHO HAVE SURVIVED COVID-19
items: The Protective Role of Melatonin against Sodium Arsenite-Induced Hepato- Toxicity in Male Rabbits: Biochemical and Histopathological Study
items: Leveraging artificial intelligence to integrate genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics data for enhanced disease prediction
items: Federated Correction of Batch Effects & Heterogeneity in Single-cell and Multi-omics Genomics (privacy-preserving)
items: AI-Driven Genomic Biomarker Discovery for Precision Diagnosis and Personalized Treatment
items: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HERBAL NANO FORMULATION: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
items: DESIGN AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SWIETENIA MAHAGONI Jacq. MEDIATED SILVER NANOPARTICLES FOR HYPERGLYCEMIC AND HYPERLIPIDEMIC CONTROL
items: Nanotechnology Beneath: Innovations Fuelling Advances in Acute Care Medicine, Cardiology, Oncology, and Hypertension
items: Biomedical Engineering Innovations Driving Breakthroughs in Cardiology, Oncology, Hypertension, and Acute Care Medicine
items: AI Beneath: Innovations Driving Breakthroughs in Cardiology, Oncology, Hypertension, and Acute Care Medicine
items: Current Developments in Cyclophosphamide for Lymphoma: Immunomodulation, Metronomic Approaches, and Toxicity Control
items: https://wasrpublication.com/index.php/wjams/article/view/176
items: Assessing the Impact of Regular Environmental Monitoring on Cleanroom Maintenance and Microbial Control
items: “Assessment of Hemoglobin Levels and Their Association with Age and Gender among Residents of El-Beyda City, Libya”
items: Prehospital Management of Heat-Related Illness in a Changing Climate: A Review of Adaptation Strategies and Vulnerable Populations
items: "Experimental Study on the Effect of Ziziphus spina-christi Leaves on Blood Plasma Hormones in Male Rabbits"
items: Enhancing Immunity During Winter Through Lifestyle Modifications: A Review
items: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Biomedical Waste Management and Laboratory Safety among Healthcare Workers
items: Mobile Phones as Reservoirs of Microorganisms: A Study among Medical Students
items: Assessment of Hand Hygiene Practices Among School Children: A Survey-Based Study
items: Microbiological Evaluation of Handkerchiefs: Enumeration and Identification of Bacterial Isolates
items: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) Regarding Blood Group Serology and Cross-Matching among Medical Students, Residents, and Healthcare Workers
items: Holistic Approach of Siddha Medicine in Treating Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Case Report
items: INTEGRATING HEALTH EDUCATION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY TO REDUCE HYPERTENSION RISK: A COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT APPROACH
items: Demographic profile and Risk factors associated with early onset of ST elevation Myocardial Infarction in younger people aged
items: Hydatid Disease Incidence and Laboratory Diagnosis in Sana’a 2020-2023
items: Community Management of H1N1 Influenza in Valasaiyur, SALEM: A Treatment Survey

Machine Learning Models to Predict Chemotherapy Resistance in Breast Cancer Using Single-Cell Sequencing
type: item
description: Chemotherapy is one of the main therapies for breast cancer, which is still one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths globally. Chemotherapy resistance, which frequently results in treatment failure and a poor prognosis, is a major obstacle in the treatment of breast cancer. Early detection of chemotherapy resistance can greatly improve individualized treatment plans. In this work, we investigate how single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data might be used to predict chemotherapy resistance in breast cancer using machine learning (ML) models. Because cancer cells are heterogeneous, scRNA-seq offers a unique chance to identify genetic characteristics linked to treatment resistance at a fine level. Our goal is to use machine learning techniques to examine scRNA-seq data in order to find patterns and biomarkers that potentially indicate treatment resistance in breast cancer patients. We preprocessed publically accessible scRNA-seq data to filter and normalise gene expression profiles, then employed dimensionality reduction and feature selection methods. We assessed the predictive power of a number of machine learning models, such as Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Neural Networks (NN), for chemotherapy resistance. Accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and AUC-ROC were used to assess the model's performance. According to our findings, chemotherapy resistance may be reliably predicted by machine learning models; the Neural Network model had the highest AUC-ROC score. Furthermore, resistance was found to be significantly influenced by gene expression characteristics associated with immune response, cell cycle regulation, and drug metabolism. This work advances precision oncology by showing how single-cell sequencing and machine learning can be used to predict treatment resistance in breast cancer. The results imply that future clinical uses of ML models may play a significant role in customizing chemotherapy regimens for patients, enhancin…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Precision Oncology
  topic: keywords
subject: Single-Cell Sequencing
  topic: keywords
subject: Chemotherapy Resistance
  topic: keywords
subject: Breast Cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: Predictive Modelling
  topic: keywords
subject: Biomarkers
  topic: keywords
subject: Drug Resistance
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdul Razak Mohamed Sikkander*
creator: Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-01-28
publication date: 2026-01-28
starting page: 33
ending page: 43

Deep-Learning Models for Ultrasound, Mammography, and MRI Fusion for Accurate Tumor Segmentation
type: item
description: Accurate tumor segmentation plays a pivotal role in computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems, facilitating early cancer detection and guiding treatment planning. However, single-modality medical imaging often presents significant challenges, such as noise, low contrast, and incomplete structural information, which hinder precise tumor delineation. This study addresses these challenges by proposing a multimodal deep-learning framework that integrates Ultrasound (US), Mammography (MG), and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data to improve tumor segmentation accuracy. A hybrid convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture is designed, combining modality-specific encoders and an attention-based fusion mechanism. This approach enables the model to effectively learn complementary features from each modality while adapting to their varying contributions. The framework is evaluated using simulated multimodal datasets, comprising images from US, MG, and MRI modalities, with ground truth tumor masks annotated by experts. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed multimodal fusion model significantly outperforms unimodal and bimodal approaches across multiple segmentation metrics, including Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC), Intersection over Union (IoU), sensitivity, and specificity. Notably, the fusion model achieves a substantial improvement in all these metrics, showcasing the ability of the attention-guided fusion strategy to capture and integrate modality-specific features effectively. The results underscore the potential of multimodal deep-learning fusion to provide robust and clinically reliable tumor segmentation, offering a promising approach to overcoming the limitations of individual imaging modalities. By combining the complementary strengths of Ultrasound, Mammography, and MRI, the proposed framework enhances tumor boundary delineation, particularly in challenging cases involving low contrast or complex tumor morphology. This research demonstrates that mu…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Deep Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Multimodal Imaging
  topic: keywords
subject: Tumor Segmentation
  topic: keywords
subject: Ultrasound
  topic: keywords
subject: Mammography
  topic: keywords
subject: MRI
  topic: keywords
subject: Data Fusion
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdul Razak Mohamed Sikkander*
creator: Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-01-27
publication date: 2026-01-27
starting page: 19
ending page: 32

"GC-MS Characterization of Ziziphus spina-christi Essential Oil and its Antioxidant Efficacy in Rabbit Models"
type: item
description: The present study investigated the chemical composition of Ziziphus spina-christi leaves essential oil and evaluated its systemic antioxidant effects in an in vivo rabbit model. Essential oil was extracted by hydro-distillation and characterized using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The analysis revealed a complex volatile profile predominantly composed of phenolic and terpenoid compounds. Carvacrol (19.19%) and caryophyllene (16.27%) were identified as the principal constituents, accompanied by moderate levels of α-terpinenyl acetate, camphor, and oxygenated monoterpenes, suggesting a strong bioactive potential. To examine the physiological relevance of this phytochemical composition, male rabbits were orally administered Ziziphus spina-christi essential oil, and key antioxidant biomarkers were assessed. The treated group exhibited a significant elevation in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (P < 0.01), indicating enhanced superoxide radical dismutation. Catalase (CAT) activity was also significantly increased (P < 0.05), reflecting improved hydrogen peroxide detoxification. Additionally, reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were markedly elevated (P < 0.01), demonstrating reinforcement of non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity and intracellular redox homeostasis. Collectively, these findings establish a clear link between the GC–MS-defined phytochemical profile of Ziziphus spina-christi essential oil and its in vivo antioxidant efficacy. The dominance of carvacrol and caryophyllene appears to play a central role in modulating antioxidant defense mechanisms, supporting the potential application of this essential oil as a natural antioxidant agent in biomedical and veterinary contexts.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ziziphus spina-christi
  topic: keywords
subject: Essential oil
  topic: keywords
subject: GC–MS
  topic: keywords
subject: Antioxidant defense
  topic: keywords
subject: Oxidative stress
  topic: keywords
creator: Ameenah Amir Hammad
creator: Fayrouz. A. Khaled
creator: Sultana. M. Hussien
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
starting page: 14
ending page: 18

INFLUENCE OF SPINE DEGENERATION IN THE CERVICAL DEPARTMENT ON THE NEUROLOGICAL STATUS IN PERSONS WHO HAVE SURVIVED COVID-19
type: item
description: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the problem of long-term consequences of the disease, in particular on the nervous system. More and more clinical observations indicate that patients who have had COVID-19 have persistent or progressive neurological disorders, especially in the presence of degenerative changes in the spine. Myalgias and arthralgias are characteristic manifestations of COVID-19 and are observed in 50–90% of patients in the acute period. During the convalescence period, prerequisites are formed for the chronicity of symptoms with the involvement of the autonomic nervous system, which is associated with degenerative-inflammatory changes in the musculoskeletal system, immune disorders and organic damage to all parts of the nervous system. Decompensation of existing vertebrogenic pathology is of particular importance. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of cervical spine degeneration on the neurological status of people who have had COVID-19. The study included 65 patients with upper body pain syndrome that arose, persisted, or worsened after the acute period of COVID-19; the control group consisted of 14 practically healthy individuals. Pain intensity was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS). All patients underwent computed tomography of the cervical spine with determination of the Pavlov–Torg index and morphometric-densometric assessment of vertebral body density. scan. Pain syndrome was the leading complaint mainly in the form of cervicalgia, often combined with upper back pain and irradiation to the upper extremities. Headache, vestibular and autonomic disorders had reflex-vascular mechanisms of implementation. Signs of acquired cervical stenosing pathology with a maximum in the C6 segment were found in 75.4% of patients, accompanied by pronounced neurological symptoms. Conclusions. The transferred COVID-19 acts as a trigger for decompensation of degenerative changes in the cervical spine with the formation of persistent pain an…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Long COVID
  topic: keywords
subject: pain syndromes
  topic: keywords
subject: cervical spine degeneration
  topic: keywords
subject: neurological disorders
  topic: keywords
creator: Melnyk Yu.V.
creator: Andreeva T.O.
creator: Kalashnikov V.Y.
creator: Stoyanov O.M.
creator: Stoіanov A.O.
creator: Kugel Ya.I.
creator: Nanish I.I.
creator: Pastukhov O.O.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
starting page: 7
ending page: 13

The Protective Role of Melatonin against Sodium Arsenite-Induced Hepato- Toxicity in Male Rabbits: Biochemical and Histopathological Study
type: item
description: Background: Sodium arsenite (Sa) is a potent environmental pollutant known to induce severe organ toxicity through oxidative stress. Melatonin (Me) is a powerful antioxidant that may mitigate these effects. Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate the protective role of melatonin against hepatic damage induced by sodium arsenite in male New Zealand White rabbits. Materials and Methods: Twenty rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: Control, Melatonin (10 mg/kg), Sodium Arsenite (5 mg/kg), and a combination group (Me+Sa) for a period of 12 weeks. Results: Exposure to Sa led to a significant (P < 0.05) increase in liver enzyme activities (AST, ALT, and ALP) and plasma bilirubin, accompanied by a significant decrease in total protein and albumin levels. Histopathological examination of the Sa group revealed extensive fatty degeneration, fibrous encapsulation, and tissue degradation. 5Conversely, concurrent administration of melatonin with arsenic significantly ameliorated these biochemical alterations and preserved the normal hepatic architecture. Conclusion: The results indicate that melatonin effectively attenuates arsenic-induced hepatotoxicity by stabilizing cellular membranes and maintaining the structural integrity of the liver, likely due to its potent antioxidant properties.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Rabbits
  topic: keywords
subject: Sodium Arsenite
  topic: keywords
subject: Melatonin
  topic: keywords
subject: Hepatotoxicity
  topic: keywords
subject: Liver Enzymes
  topic: keywords
subject: Histopathology
  topic: keywords
creator: Amani. M. M. Salem
creator: Fayrouz. A. Khaled
creator: Hesham E. Abdolhfid Mohamed
creator: Ameenah S. Husayn
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-01-07
publication date: 2026-01-07
starting page: 1
ending page: 6

Leveraging artificial intelligence to integrate genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics data for enhanced disease prediction
type: item
description: The rapid expansion of high‑throughput sequencing and mass‑spectrometry technologies has given rise to vast amounts of genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics data—offering unprecedented insight into biological systems. However, analysing each data type in isolation often fails to capture the cross‑layer complexity of gene regulatory networks, post‑translational modifications and phenotypic manifestations. To address this gap, artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms—particularly supervised machine learning, deep neural networks and multimodal fusion models—are increasingly employed to integrate multiple “‑omics” layers for systems‑level insight. In this paper, we examine the development and deployment of AI‑based pipelines that combine genomic sequence/variant data, RNA expression profiles and proteomic abundance measurements. We outline key methodological steps: data preprocessing and normalization, feature engineering across omics, architecture choices (e.g., autoencoders, graph neural networks, attention‑based fusion), training and validation workflows. A hypothetical benchmarking dataset (n = 500 patients, three omics layers) illustrates how a multimodal fusion model improved disease classification accuracy (AUC ~ 0.92) versus single‑omics models (~ 0.83), and revealed novel cross‑layer biomarkers. We discuss advantages (higher predictive power, ability to discover cross‑layer signatures), as well as challenges: data heterogeneity, missing modality data, interpretability, and generalisability across cohorts. Finally, future perspectives are presented: self‑supervised foundation models across omics, federated learning for privacy‑sensitive data, and explainable AI (XAI) to enhance clinical trust. In conclusion, the integration of genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics via AI holds strong promise for deeper mechanistic insight and precision medicine—but realising that promise depends on methodological rigor, interpretability and equitable representation of dive…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Multi‑omics integration
  topic: keywords
subject: genomics
  topic: keywords
subject: transcriptomics
  topic: keywords
subject: proteomics
  topic: keywords
subject: artificial intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: deep learning
  topic: keywords
subject: biomarker discovery
  topic: keywords
subject: precision medicine
  topic: keywords
creator: A. Mohamed Sikkander*
creator: Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues*
creator: Manoharan Meena
creator: Hala S. Abuelmakarem
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-12-20
publication date: 2025-12-20
starting page: 31
ending page: 39
doi: 10.65336/WJAMS.2025.21205

Federated Correction of Batch Effects & Heterogeneity in Single-cell and Multi-omics Genomics (privacy-preserving)
type: item
description: The rapid proliferation of genomic data from large‑scale sequencing initiatives presents unprecedented opportunities for precision medicine, population genomics and biotechnology. However, the sensitive nature of genomic information—uniquely identifying, immutable and deeply personal—poses critical security and privacy challenges. Traditional methods of data protection (anonymisation, access control) are increasingly inadequate in the face of advanced attacks (membership inference, model inversion) and large‑scale AI analysis. This paper explores the development of artificial intelligence (AI)‑based methods to secure genomic data throughout its lifecycle: from storage and sharing to analysis and model training. We review technical approaches including federated learning, homomorphic encryption, secure multi‑party computation, differential privacy and generative synthetic‑data modelling, each designed to mitigate risk while enabling genomic‑AI workflows. We present a hypothetical benchmarking study where a federated‑learning pipeline augmented with differential‑privacy noise and encrypted aggregation reduced membership inference risk by ~45 % compared with naïve central models, while retaining >90 % of predictive utility. Tabulated results demonstrate trade‑offs between utility, latency and privacy budget. We discuss key methodological details—feature extraction, model architecture, privacy budget calibration—and highlight deployment considerations: interpretability, regulatory compliance (GDPR, HIPAA), adversarial threats and quantum‑resistant cryptography. Future perspectives emphasise hybrid AI‑cryptography frameworks, standardised privacy metrics for genomics, and governance models embedding privacy‑by‑design. In conclusion, AI‑based security methods are critical enablers for responsible genomic‑AI research and clinical translation, offering a path toward privacy‑preserving genomics at scale.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: genomic data security
  topic: keywords
subject: artificial intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: federated learning
  topic: keywords
subject: homomorphic encryption
  topic: keywords
subject: differential privacy
  topic: keywords
subject: membership‑inference attacks
  topic: keywords
subject: privacy‑preserving AI
  topic: keywords
subject: cryptography
  topic: keywords
creator: A. Mohamed Sikkander*
creator: Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues*
creator: Manoharan Meena
creator: Hala S. Abuelmakarem
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-12-16
publication date: 2025-12-16
starting page: 24
ending page: 30
doi: 10.65336/WJAMS.2025.21204

AI-Driven Genomic Biomarker Discovery for Precision Diagnosis and Personalized Treatment
type: item
description: The identification of genomic biomarkers has become a cornerstone for precision medicine, enabling early disease diagnosis, prognosis prediction, and personalized treatment strategies. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI), including machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), have demonstrated substantial potential in analyzing high-dimensional genomic datasets to uncover novel biomarkers. AI algorithms can integrate heterogeneous data types, such as gene expression, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and epigenetic modifications, to identify patterns associated with specific diseases. This study reviews current methodologies and applications of AI in genomic biomarker discovery, highlighting successes in oncology, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. Key AI approaches, including random forests, support vector machines, convolutional neural networks, and autoencoders, are employed to improve predictive accuracy and reduce false discovery rates. The study also discusses challenges, such as data sparsity, interpretability, and computational resource requirements. Additionally, we examine case studies where AI-driven genomic biomarker identification has guided targeted therapy selection, improving patient outcomes. Finally, we outline future perspectives, emphasizing the integration of multi-omics data, real-time clinical data streams, and federated learning to enhance biomarker discovery across diverse populations. Overall, AI-driven genomic biomarker research holds transformative potential for accelerating personalized medicine, optimizing therapeutic interventions, and providing actionable insights into disease mechanisms.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: AI
  topic: keywords
subject: machine learning
  topic: keywords
subject: genomic biomarkers
  topic: keywords
subject: disease diagnosis
  topic: keywords
subject: precision medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: personalized therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: deep learning
  topic: keywords
subject: biomarker discovery
  topic: keywords
creator: A. Mohamed Sikkander*
creator: Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues*
creator: Manoharan Meena
creator: Hala S. Abuelmakarem
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-12-14
publication date: 2025-12-14
starting page: 14
ending page: 23
doi: 10.65336/WJAMS.2025.21203

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HERBAL NANO FORMULATION: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
type: item
description: A revolutionary approach to contemporary drug development is the combination of artificial intelligence (AI) and nano-herbal formulation. Conventional herbal remedies frequently have drawbacks such poor bioavailability, inconsistent composition, and a lack of pharmacokinetic knowledge. While AI offers strong tools for data analysis, prediction, and optimisation, nanotechnology enables better phytochemical solubility, stability, and targeted distribution. AI-based deep learning and machine learning models have been used to improve quality control, predict bioactivity, develop appropriate nanocarriers, optimise extraction settings, and evaluate toxicity. These methods promote individualised therapeutic tactics, expedite formulation development, and lessen the workload associated with experiments. While AI- driven optimisation is used, case studies using curcumin, ginseng, and other nano-herbal systems show increased bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. Notwithstanding its benefits, issues with data accessibility, standardisation, governmental permission, and ethical considerations still exist. All things considered, the combination of AI and nano-herbal technology presents a promising avenue for future pharmaceutical research by offering substantial promise for safer, more effective, and patient-specific treatments.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Artificial Intelligence (AI)
  topic: keywords
subject: Machine learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Extraction
  topic: keywords
subject: Nano-Herbal formulation
  topic: keywords
subject: Nano technology
  topic: keywords
subject: Drug Delivery System
  topic: keywords
subject: Bioavailability
  topic: keywords
creator: Devi Sowndarya*
creator: Dr. L.V. Vigneshwaran
creator: Venkatesh S
creator: Jothi Sree S
creator: Mohamed Ishaq Mushrif M. N. L
creator: Abinaya M
creator: Vinotha S
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-12-09
publication date: 2025-12-09
starting page: 6
ending page: 13

DESIGN AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SWIETENIA MAHAGONI Jacq. MEDIATED SILVER NANOPARTICLES FOR HYPERGLYCEMIC AND HYPERLIPIDEMIC CONTROL
type: item
description: The present study was designed to evaluate the design and characterization of swietenia mahagoni jacq. mediated silver nanoparticles for hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic control. Using the extraction methods like soxhlet extraction, benzene extraction, Ethanolic Extraction, Ethyl acetate extraction, petroleum ether extraction. Animals were randomly divided into 5 groups. Group 1- normal control, Group 2- diabetic control, Group3 –treatment control Swietenia mahagoni 100mg/kg, Group 4 – Swietenia mahagoni 200mg/kg treated group, Group 5 – Glibenclamide 5mg/kg. The levels of biochemical parameter, body weight, serum lipid profile, serum total cholesterol, serum glycerides, VLDL AND & HDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, Hemoglobin & glycated hemoglobin were examined in each of these groups. Chronic administration of swietenia mahagoni at a dose of 100mg/kg & 200mg/kg, p.o. for a period of 21 days markedly decreased the level of blood glucose level & lipid level. Phamacological studies were assessed for bio assessment, clinical trials, and toxicological studies. Quantitative estimation of total phenolic and flavonoid like estimation of total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, HPTLC investigation of ethanol extract. Taken together, the results suggested that treatment reduced hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic control. This study demonstrates the swietenia mahagoni jacq. Mediated silver nanoparticles for hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic control.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Swietenia mahagoni Jacq.
  topic: keywords
subject: Silver nanoparticles
  topic: keywords
subject: Hyperglycemia
  topic: keywords
subject: Hyperlipidemia
  topic: keywords
subject: Antidiabetic activity.
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. L.V. Vigneshwaran*
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-12-03
publication date: 2025-12-03
starting page: 1
ending page: 5

Nanotechnology Beneath: Innovations Fuelling Advances in Acute Care Medicine, Cardiology, Oncology, and Hypertension
type: item
description: Nanotechnology has emerged as a critical driver of innovation in biomedical engineering, providing foundational solutions for diagnostics, therapeutics, and monitoring across cardiology, oncology, hypertension, and acute care medicine. This paper explores how nanoscale materials, devices, and systems facilitate early detection, targeted therapy, and continuous patient monitoring, thereby enhancing clinical outcomes. In cardiology, nanotechnology-enabled sensors, nanoparticles, and nano-bio interfaces improve real-time monitoring of cardiac biomarkers, enable precise drug delivery, and enhance imaging resolution, contributing to early detection and intervention in cardiovascular diseases. In oncology, nanoscale drug carriers, quantum dots, and nanoparticle-based imaging agents improve tumor targeting, reduce off-target toxicity, and enhance visualization for early tumor detection and therapy planning. For hypertension, nanotechnology-enabled nano sensors and smart drug delivery systems provide continuous monitoring and controlled release of antihypertensive agents, enabling personalized and adaptive therapy strategies. In acute care medicine, nanoscale diagnostic devices and biosensors support rapid point-of-care detection of critical biomarkers, sepsis, and organ dysfunction, facilitating timely interventions and improving survival rates. Despite its promise, challenges remain, including biocompatibility, long-term safety, regulatory approval, and cost-effective scalability. This study employs a mixed-method approach, including a comprehensive literature review, analysis of existing nanotechnology-based biomedical devices, and evaluation of clinical outcomes reported in peer-reviewed studies. Findings highlight that nanotechnology functions as a “beneath-the-surface” enabler, transforming the landscape of medical diagnostics, therapeutics, and patient monitoring. Its continued development and integration into clinical practice hold significant potential to revolutio…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Nanotechnology
  topic: keywords
subject: biomedical engineering
  topic: keywords
subject: cardiology
  topic: keywords
subject: oncology
  topic: keywords
subject: hypertension
  topic: keywords
subject: acute care medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: targeted therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: nano sensors
  topic: keywords
creator: A. Mohamed Sikkander*
creator: Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues
creator: Hala S. Abuelmakarem
creator: Manoharan Meena
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-11-28
publication date: 2025-11-28
starting page: 30
ending page: 38

Biomedical Engineering Innovations Driving Breakthroughs in Cardiology, Oncology, Hypertension, and Acute Care Medicine
type: item
description: Biomedical engineering is leading a major change in a number of fields of modern medicine, such as acute care, cancer, cardiology, and the treatment of hypertension. Through the integration of better materials, computer modelling, biosensing technologies, and artificial intelligence, biomedical advancements are transforming patient outcomes, therapeutic precision, and diagnostic accuracy. Improved heart function monitoring, early arrhythmia detection, and customized treatment plans are made possible by advancements in cardiology, such as bioengineered cardiac tissues, intelligent wearables, and AI-assisted imaging. Microfluidic systems, nanoparticle-based targeted drug delivery, and three-dimensional tumour organoids are accelerating the shift to precision cancer therapy in oncology while lowering systemic toxicity. Research on hypertension has benefited from continuous, non-invasive blood pressure sensors, vascular biomechanics models, and machine learning algorithms that can predict hypertensive crises before they manifest clinically. In acute care medicine, automated clinical decision-support systems, point-of-care diagnostic tools, and real-time physiological monitoring significantly reduce reaction times, improving survival rates in life-threatening conditions like acute organ failure, sepsis, and stroke. When considered collectively, these advancements show how biomedical engineering has a transdisciplinary impact on improving prevention, diagnosis, and treatment by bridging clinical needs with engineering design. As technology develops, biomedical engineering will continue to be crucial in developing patient-centered, high-precision healthcare solutions, ultimately setting the stage for the next stage of intelligent and integrated healthcare.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Precision medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: biomedical engineering
  topic: keywords
subject: cardiology
  topic: keywords
subject: cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: hypertension
  topic: keywords
subject: acute care
  topic: keywords
subject: biosensors
  topic: keywords
subject: medical innovation
  topic: keywords
creator: A. Mohamed Sikkander*
creator: Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues
creator: Hala S. Abuelmakarem
creator: Manoharan Meena
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-11-26
publication date: 2025-11-26
starting page: 18
ending page: 29

AI Beneath: Innovations Driving Breakthroughs in Cardiology, Oncology, Hypertension, and Acute Care Medicine
type: item
description: Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a foundational technology underpinning many of the most transformative innovations in biomedical engineering, driving breakthroughs across cardiology, oncology, hypertension, and acute care medicine. This paper explores the role of AI in enhancing early detection, predictive analytics, continuous monitoring, and personalized therapeutic interventions. In cardiology, AI-enabled electrocardiography, predictive arrhythmia algorithms, and telemetry-integrated wearable devices improve diagnostic accuracy and enable proactive management of cardiac events. Oncology benefits from AI-powered molecular imaging, radiomics, and treatment-planning tools, which facilitate earlier tumor detection and optimize targeted therapies, thereby reducing off-target effects and improving patient outcomes. In hypertension, AI-driven continuous blood-pressure monitoring systems and risk stratification models provide real-time insights that enhance adherence, detect hypertensive crises early, and support individualized treatment strategies. Acute care medicine leverages AI for automated triage, predictive deterioration models, sepsis alert systems, and real-time vital-sign monitoring, enabling faster interventions and reducing mortality in high-acuity settings. Despite these advances, challenges remain in clinical integration, including data quality variability, algorithm transparency, regulatory hurdles, interoperability, and equitable access. This study employs a mixed-method approach, combining systematic literature review, technology evaluation, workflow mapping, and expert interviews to assess the current impact, limitations, and future potential of AI in these critical medical domains. Findings indicate that AI functions as a “beneath-the-surface” driver of innovation, enhancing precision, efficiency, and patient-centered care. Its continued development and integration are poised to transform healthcare delivery, improve outcomes, and pave the …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Artificial intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: biomedical engineering
  topic: keywords
subject: cardiology
  topic: keywords
subject: oncology
  topic: keywords
subject: hypertension
  topic: keywords
subject: acute care medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: predictive analytics
  topic: keywords
creator: A. Mohamed Sikkander*
creator: Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues
creator: Hala S. Abuelmakarem
creator: Manoharan Meena
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-11-24
publication date: 2025-11-24
starting page: 7
ending page: 17

Current Developments in Cyclophosphamide for Lymphoma: Immunomodulation, Metronomic Approaches, and Toxicity Control
type: item
description: Cyclophosphamide is a medication that is mostly used to treat tumours, including multiple myeloma, cancer, and bone cancer. Nitrogen mustard, or cyclophosphamide, has anti-neoplastic properties through end-to-end alkylation. An interdisciplinary collaboration examines the recommendations, contraindications, mode of action, and other important aspects of cyclophosphamide as a valuable agent in the therapy and management of neoplastic diseases. The use of cyclophosphamide in the treatment of severe multiple sclerosis is also discussed. Determine the cyclophosphamide's mode of action and administration. Describe cyclophosphamide's side effects and contraindications. Examine the relevant cyclophosphamide toxin and monitoring. In order to improve cyclophosphamide and alleviate problems, summarise interprofessional platoon techniques for improving care collaboration and communication. One kind of nitrogen mustard medication that works by alkylating DNA is cyclophosphamide. The medication metabolises into an active form that can prevent protein conflation through DNA and RNA crosslinking, and it is not cell-cycle phase-specific. The phosphoramide mustard produced by the drug's metabolism by liver enzymes such cytochrome P-450 is responsible for the maturity of cyclophosphamide's antineoplastic products. Cyclophosphamide is initially converted by hepatic enzymes to hydroxycyclophosphamide, which is subsequently metabolised to aldophosphamide. Phosphoramide mustard and acrolein, the primary alkylating agent, bind to aldophosphamide. At the guanine N-7 site, the phosphoramide metabolite creates cross-links both within and between conterminous DNA strands.The result of these infinite variations is programmed cell death. Although acrolein has no anticancer activity, it is the primary cause of hemorrhagic cystitis. Cyclophosphamide possesses immunosuppressive properties and T cell selectivity in addition to its antimitotic and antineoplastic properties.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: haematopoietic cells
  topic: keywords
subject: polatuzumab
  topic: keywords
subject: bendamustine
  topic: keywords
subject: rituximab
  topic: keywords
subject: lenalidomide
  topic: keywords
subject: antimitotic
  topic: keywords
subject: antineoplastic products.
  topic: keywords
creator: A. Mohamed Sikkander*
creator: C. Hazarathaiah Yadav
creator: Narendra Revanuri
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-11-21
publication date: 2025-11-21
starting page: 4
ending page: 6

https://wasrpublication.com/index.php/wjams/article/view/176
type: item
title: A 2025 meta-analysis in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) indicates glucocorticoid administration is significantly associated with worse progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for patients on ICIs
description: Steroids are substances with the intention of be as expected fashioned within the body. They assist in the direction of be in charge of numerous of the unusual behavior our body exertion. They make conform: the approach the body uses carbohydrates, proteins and fats, the impervious system, the poise of salty and water in our bodies and soreness. Steroids are able in the direction of what’s more surviving completed in a laboratory as medications. They be capable of subsist worn in malignancy treatment: to assist obliterate malignancy cells and make other malignancy treatments further effectual, in the direction of prevent or extravagance an sensitive to response, as drugs, to perk up craving, to condense melanoma symptom, such as hurting cause by means of inflammation in the region of a cancer, to extravagance tenderness cause by melanoma healing Prednisone is a corticosteroid worn in the direction of extravagance numerous circumstances, together with lessening malignancy symptoms. Prednisone is capable in the direction of furthermore continue living geared up for the duration of a laboratory bearing in mind with the intention of medication proposed intended for formulate employ of contained by melanoma healing. Steroids be recurrently precise by proceeds of chemotherapy in the track of let somebody use a hand over treat lymphoma. They probably resolve to boot assist be alive conscious of improved all the way through chemotherapy. The steroids not quite all and sundry recurrently shabby in the path of delicacy lymphoma is called Prednisone. Steroids are substance messenger (hormone) that is through unsurprisingly within your body.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: delicacy lymphoma
  topic: keywords
subject: Steroids
  topic: keywords
subject: metabolism
  topic: keywords
subject: corticosteroids
  topic: keywords
subject: immune system
  topic: keywords
subject: immunosuppressive
  topic: keywords
creator: A. Mohamed Sikkander
creator: C. Hazarathaiah Yadav
creator: Narendra Revanuri
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-11-21
publication date: 2025-11-21
starting page: 1
ending page: 3

Assessing the Impact of Regular Environmental Monitoring on Cleanroom Maintenance and Microbial Control
type: item
description: Maintaining a clean and sterile environment in microbiological laboratories is critical for ensuring the validity and reliability of research outcomes. Traditional cleaning methods may not fully address the risk of contamination from airborne particles or human contact. This paper presents an integrated approach that combines routine fumigation protocols with rigorous personal hygiene screening to enhance cleanliness and minimize potential sources of contamination. Fumigation, using agents such as hydrogen peroxide or ozone, effectively reduces microbial burden in laboratory settings. Personal hygiene screening involves assessing individuals for compliance with laboratory attire protocols and conducting microbiological swab tests to detect microbial growth on hands, lab coats, and surfaces. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of these protocols in maintaining cleanliness over a three-month period, with no microbial growth detected in fumigated areas and minimal contamination found through personal hygiene checks. While these measures require financial resources and may disrupt workflow, their implementation offers significant benefits in reducing contamination risks and ensuring the safety of laboratory staff. Continuous evaluation and optimization of these integrated strategies are essential for maintaining high standards of cleanliness and minimizing the risk of experimental contamination.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Microbiological laboratories
  topic: keywords
subject: Cleanliness maintenance
  topic: keywords
subject: Fumigation protocols
  topic: keywords
subject: Personal hygiene screening
  topic: keywords
subject: Contamination control
  topic: keywords
subject: Laboratory safety
  topic: keywords
creator: Shalin S John
creator: Prejish C
creator: Jomol P J
creator: Arun K S
creator: Anakha Vijayan
creator: Bernaitis L*
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-10-21
publication date: 2025-10-21
starting page: 5
ending page: 9

“Assessment of Hemoglobin Levels and Their Association with Age and Gender among Residents of El-Beyda City, Libya”
type: item
description: Hemoglobin concentration is a crucial hematological parameter that reflects the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood and serves as an indicator of general health and anemia prevalence. Variations in hemoglobin levels are influenced by several factors, including age, gender, nutritional status, and physiological conditions. Understanding these variations provides valuable insights into population health and helps in developing preventive strategies for anemia and related disorders. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in El-Beyda City, Northeast Libya, using laboratory records collected between 2020 and 2015. A total of 1,200 subjects (600 males and 600 females) aged between 10 and 80 years were included. Hemoglobin levels were determined using an automated hematology analyzer (Sysmex KX-21). Participants were categorized into age groups: <20, 20–40, 41–60, and >60 years. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, employing ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation to evaluate the relationship between hemoglobin levels, age, and gender. Results: The mean hemoglobin concentration was 14.1 ± 1.2 g/dL in males and 12.8 ± 1.1 g/dL in females, showing a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). Hemoglobin levels tended to decrease progressively with age in both genders. The highest mean values were observed among individuals aged 20–40 years, while the lowest were among those older than 60 years. A weak but significant negative correlation was found between hemoglobin levels and age (r = –0.26, p < 0.01). The overall prevalence of anemia (defined as Hb < 13 g/dL in males and Hb < 12 g/dL in females) was 18.5%, higher in females (24%) than in males (13%). Conclusion: This study demonstrates a significant influence of both gender and age on hemoglobin concentration among the population of El-Beyda City. Females and older individuals exhibited lower hemoglobin levels, suggesting an increased risk of anemia in these groups. T…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Hemoglobin
  topic: keywords
subject: Anemia
  topic: keywords
subject: Gender Differences
  topic: keywords
subject: Age Variation
  topic: keywords
subject: El-Beyda City
  topic: keywords
subject: Libya
  topic: keywords
creator: Fayrouz. A. Khaled*
creator: Fatma . A. Hasan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-10-16
publication date: 2025-10-16
starting page: 1
ending page: 4

Prehospital Management of Heat-Related Illness in a Changing Climate: A Review of Adaptation Strategies and Vulnerable Populations
type: item
description: Climate change is driving an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events, leading to a rising incidence of heat-related illnesses (HRI) and placing significant strain on healthcare systems. The prehospital phase, managed by Emergency Medical Services (EMS), is a critical window for intervention, as rapid cooling is the primary determinant of survival for severe HRI like heat stroke. This scoping review synthesizes evidence on the efficacy of prehospital HRI management, the identification of vulnerable populations, and system-level adaptation strategies. Findings confirm that cold water immersion is the most effective cooling method for exertional heat stroke, while evaporative cooling is the most feasible and widely applicable technique across diverse settings. The burden of HRI disproportionately affects vulnerable groups, including the elderly, outdoor laborers, and socially marginalized populations, due to physiological, environmental, and socioeconomic factors. Effective management requires not only evidence-based clinical protocols but also the integration of EMS with public health heat warning systems, community paramedicine, and proactive, equitable outreach. Significant barriers to implementation include technological limitations, resource constraints, and fragmented inter-agency coordination. Future efforts must focus on standardizing protocols, enhancing training, and addressing research gaps through robust studies on cooling efficacy, cost-effectiveness of community interventions, and the long-term impact of adaptive strategies on patient outcomes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Heat-Related Illness
  topic: keywords
subject: Prehospital Care
  topic: keywords
subject: Emergency Medical Services
  topic: keywords
subject: Climate Change
  topic: keywords
subject: Vulnerable Populations.
  topic: keywords
creator: Aseel Adnan Mansouri
creator: Mohammed Khalid Mohammed Alzahrani
creator: Sameer Saeed Maadi
creator: Abdulaziz Mofareh Rakan Al Jafar
creator: Yazeed Abdullah Alqahtani
creator: Abdulaziz Bhyan Alqarni
creator: Turki Salh Al-Omari
creator: Mohammed Nafaa AlHarbi
creator: Ridha Abed Alsulami
creator: Mohammed Hashim Algharamah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-09-21
publication date: 2025-09-21
starting page: 6
ending page: 14

"Experimental Study on the Effect of Ziziphus spina-christi Leaves on Blood Plasma Hormones in Male Rabbits"
type: item
description: Introduction: Ziziphus spina-christi (Sidr) is a medicinal plant widely used in traditional medicine for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic regulatory properties. While its systemic effects have been documented, limited studies have examined its impact on endocrine function in rabbits. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Z. spina-christi leaf supplementation on blood plasma hormone levels in male rabbits. Materials and Methods: Ten healthy male rabbits were randomly assigned to two groups: a control group receiving distilled water and a treatment group receiving Z. spina-christi leaf extract orally for six weeks. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected from the marginal ear vein, and serum was separated. Plasma concentrations of testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estrogen, and cortisol were measured using commercial ELISA kits. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Administration of Z. spina-christi leaves significantly increased plasma testosterone, LH, and FSH levels compared to the control group, while estrogen and cortisol levels remained unchanged. These findings indicate a selective effect of Z. spina-christi on male reproductive hormones, without influencing stress-related or estrogenic pathways. Conclusion: Ziziphus spina-christi leaf supplementation effectively enhanced key reproductive hormones in male rabbits, suggesting its potential as a natural agent for supporting male reproductive endocrine function. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and explore translational applications.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ziziphus spina-christi
  topic: keywords
subject: male rabbits
  topic: keywords
subject: hormones
  topic: keywords
creator: Fayrouz A. Khaled*
creator: Asma I. Ahmed
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-09-10
publication date: 2025-09-10
starting page: 1
ending page: 5

Enhancing Immunity During Winter Through Lifestyle Modifications: A Review
type: item
description: Background: The winter season is consistently associated with an increased incidence of respiratory tract infections and other communicable diseases due to a complex interplay of environmental, physiological, and behavioral factors. Seasonal immune suppression, primarily driven by reduced sunlight exposure and colder temperatures, compromises host defenses, making individuals more susceptible to pathogens. Alongside this, common lifestyle patterns during winter—such as poor nutrition, inadequate physical activity, disrupted sleep, and elevated stress—further impair immune responses. Objective: This review aims to examine and synthesize current scientific evidence on lifestyle modifications that can effectively enhance immune function during the winter season. The focus is on non-pharmacological interventions that are easily adoptable and evidence-based, including dietary practices, vitamin D supplementation, exercise routines, sleep hygiene, stress management, gut microbiota modulation, and traditional health practices. Methods: A comprehensive review of recent literature (2010–2024) was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Peer-reviewed articles, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses focusing on immunity, seasonality, and lifestyle interventions were included. Results: The review identifies several modifiable lifestyle factors with proven or promising immuno-enhancing effects. Vitamin D supplementation significantly reduces the risk of respiratory infections, particularly in deficient individuals. A diet rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and trace elements supports the activity of various immune cells. Moderate exercise improves immunosurveillance and reduces inflammation. Adequate sleep and stress reduction techniques like mindfulness bolster both innate and adaptive immunity. Furthermore, emerging evidence underscores the role of gut microbiota in systemic immunity, with probiotic-rich and fermented foods showing potential benefits.…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Winter immunity
  topic: keywords
subject: Vitamin D
  topic: keywords
subject: Sleep hygiene
  topic: keywords
subject: Gut microbiota
  topic: keywords
subject: Stress management
  topic: keywords
subject: Probiotics
  topic: keywords
subject: Herbal medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: Respiratory infections.
  topic: keywords
creator: Prabakaran R
creator: Anbarasan K
creator: Bernaitis L*
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-08-24
publication date: 2025-08-24
starting page: 21
ending page: 26

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Biomedical Waste Management and Laboratory Safety among Healthcare Workers
type: item
description: Background: Biomedical waste management and laboratory safety are critical components of infection control and environmental protection in healthcare facilities. Inadequate knowledge and poor practices among healthcare workers can lead to occupational hazards and disease transmission. Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding biomedical waste management and laboratory safety among healthcare workers. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among 210 healthcare workers, including doctors, nurses, laboratory staff, and housekeeping personnel. Data were collected using Google Forms and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Of the participants, 55% had good knowledge, 70% displayed positive attitudes, and 50% reported good practices regarding biomedical waste management and laboratory safety. While awareness of risks and willingness to attend training were high, consistent adherence to PPE use and segregation protocols was suboptimal. Conclusion: Healthcare workers show satisfactory knowledge and positive attitudes toward biomedical waste management and laboratory safety; however, gaps in practice remain. Strengthening training, supervision, and regular monitoring is essential to ensure compliance and minimize occupational and environmental risks.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biomedical waste
  topic: keywords
subject: healthcare workers
  topic: keywords
subject: laboratory safety
  topic: keywords
subject: knowledge
  topic: keywords
subject: attitude
  topic: keywords
subject: practice
  topic: keywords
subject: biosafety
  topic: keywords
creator: Asfaq Basha. M
creator: Tamil Kumaran. R
creator: Ruhina. L
creator: Kalaivani. R
creator: Bernaitis L*
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-08-21
publication date: 2025-08-21
starting page: 16
ending page: 20

Mobile Phones as Reservoirs of Microorganisms: A Study among Medical Students
type: item
description: Background: Mobile phones are indispensable tools for communication and learning, particularly among medical students. However, frequent handling and exposure to various environments make them potential reservoirs for microorganisms, including pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant species. Objective: To isolate, identify, and characterize microorganisms present on mobile phones used by medical students. Methods: Swab samples from 50 mobile phones were collected and cultured on nutrient-rich and selective agar media. Bacterial and fungal isolates were identified using Gram staining and standard biochemical tests. Colony characteristics, hemolytic patterns, and pigment production were recorded. Results: A diverse range of bacteria and fungi were isolated, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, and Penicillium spp. Several isolates exhibited features associated with pathogenicity, and some were suggestive of antibiotic resistance (e.g., MRSA). Conclusion: The study highlights the role of mobile phones as potential fomites in healthcare environments, emphasizing the urgent need for regular disinfection and strict hand hygiene practices among medical students to reduce cross-contamination and nosocomial infection risks.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Mobile phone contamination
  topic: keywords
subject: medical students
  topic: keywords
subject: pathogenic microorganisms
  topic: keywords
subject: antibiotic resistance
  topic: keywords
subject: fomites
  topic: keywords
creator: Shilpa K
creator: Niranjan D
creator: Mohammed Rafiq S H
creator: Aysha Nargees M
creator: Devadharshini E
creator: Bernaitis L*
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-08-16
publication date: 2025-08-16
starting page: 11
ending page: 15

Assessment of Hand Hygiene Practices Among School Children: A Survey-Based Study
type: item
description: Background: Hand hygiene is a vital preventive measure against infectious diseases, particularly in schools where children are in close contact. Aim: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to hand hygiene among school children aged 6–15 years and identify barriers to optimal hygiene. Methods: A cross-sectional survey using a structured questionnaire was conducted among 240 students from primary and secondary schools in Erode district, Tamil Nadu. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: While 90% of participants recognized the importance of handwashing, only 70% reported consistent handwashing before meals and after using the restroom. Correct handwashing technique was followed by just 28% of students. Common barriers included lack of soap and water in restrooms (43%), time constraints (40%), and inadequate teacher reinforcement (60%). Conclusion: Awareness about hand hygiene was relatively high, but practice lagged due to infrastructural and behavioural challenges.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Hand hygiene
  topic: keywords
subject: school children
  topic: keywords
subject: infection prevention
  topic: keywords
subject: hygiene awareness
  topic: keywords
subject: public health
  topic: keywords
creator: K. Jothipriya
creator: M. Gowsika
creator: S. Sahana
creator: M. Subiksha
creator: Bernaitis L*
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-08-13
publication date: 2025-08-13
starting page: 7
ending page: 10

Microbiological Evaluation of Handkerchiefs: Enumeration and Identification of Bacterial Isolates
type: item
description: Background: Handkerchiefs are widely used personal hygiene items that frequently come into contact with nasal, oral, and skin secretions, making them potential reservoirs of pathogenic microorganisms. Despite their routine use, limited research has been conducted to evaluate bacterial contamination on handkerchiefs, particularly among college students. Objective: This study aimed to isolate, enumerate, and identify bacterial species from used handkerchiefs and assess their potential pathogenicity, with implications for personal hygiene and public health. Methods: A total of 50 used handkerchief samples were collected from both male and female students of BSMS at Nandha Siddha Medical College and Hospital, Erode. Samples were obtained using sterile cotton swabs and inoculated on Nutrient Agar, MacConkey Agar, Mannitol Salt Agar, and Blood Agar. Cultures were incubated at 37 °C for 24–48 hours, followed by colony characterization, Gram staining, and standard biochemical tests for bacterial identification. Results: Of the 50 samples, 40% yielded normal flora (including Staphylococcus epidermidis and Micrococcus spp.), while the remaining 60% showed potential pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The majority of contaminated samples were obtained from female participants. Conclusion: The presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria on used handkerchiefs underscores the importance of regular washing, proper drying, and adherence to personal hygiene practices to prevent disease transmission. Public health education should emphasize the safe handling and maintenance of personal items to reduce microbial spread.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Handkerchiefs
  topic: keywords
subject: Bacterial contamination
  topic: keywords
subject: Staphylococcus aureus
  topic: keywords
subject: Personal hygiene
  topic: keywords
subject: Pathogens
  topic: keywords
subject: Public health
  topic: keywords
creator: Shilpa K
creator: Yazhini R
creator: Shri shanmathi K
creator: Devipreya S
creator: Dhanu Sri M
creator: Bernaitis L*
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-08-10
publication date: 2025-08-10
starting page: 1
ending page: 6

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) Regarding Blood Group Serology and Cross-Matching among Medical Students, Residents, and Healthcare Workers
type: item
description: Background: Blood group serology and cross-matching are essential components of safe blood transfusion practices. Errors in these processes can lead to severe transfusion reactions and compromise patient safety. Despite their importance, knowledge and adherence to safe practices among medical students, residents, and healthcare workers are often inadequate, particularly in developing countries where structured training is limited. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding blood group serology and cross-matching among medical students, residents, and healthcare workers in Ernakulam district, Kerala, South India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted among 118 participants, including undergraduate medical students, residents, and healthcare workers. The survey was administered through Google Forms, and responses were compiled using Google Sheets. The questionnaire consisted of 20 structured questions covering knowledge, attitude, and practice. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and participants were classified into poor, moderate, and good KAP levels. Results: Out of 118 valid responses, only 28% demonstrated adequate knowledge of blood group serology and cross-matching, while 13% reported being completely unaware. A majority (65%) showed a positive attitude toward safe transfusion practices, but only 45% consistently followed correct procedures. Junior medical students, particularly second-year students, exhibited significantly lower knowledge and practice levels compared to residents and senior students. Conclusion: The findings highlight a considerable gap between knowledge and practice, despite a generally positive attitude. These results are consistent with other regional and international studies, which also report poor adherence to transfusion safety protocols among students and young healthcare professionals. Strengthening transfusion medicine educatio…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Blood group serology
  topic: keywords
subject: cross-matching
  topic: keywords
subject: transfusion safety
  topic: keywords
subject: medical students
  topic: keywords
subject: residents
  topic: keywords
subject: healthcare workers
  topic: keywords
subject: KAP study
  topic: keywords
creator: Venkatesh R
creator: Gunasekar P
creator: Bernaitis L*
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-07-28
publication date: 2025-07-28
starting page: 20
ending page: 23

Holistic Approach of Siddha Medicine in Treating Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Case Report
type: item
description: Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder marked by irregular menstruation, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries. Conventional treatments often provide limited relief. This case explores the effect of Siddha holistic therapy in a 39-year-old woman with irregular cycles, right ovarian cyst, mild constipation, and weight gain. Case Presentation: The patient had a 4-month history of irregular periods, 5 kg weight gain, and neck pigmentation. Ultrasound showed a right ovarian cyst. Lab results were normal, and prior hormone therapy offered minimal relief. Treatment and Outcome: The Siddha regimen included initial detoxification with Sukku Thylam oil bath and Aagasthiyar Kolambu purgation, followed by internal medicines like Nandhi Melugu, Kalarchi Tablets, Aadhuthedapalai Thylam, Neermulikudineer, and Manduraadaikasayam for 45 days. A tailored diet and yoga were also advised. Constipation resolved in 2 days; by 3 months, menstrual cycles normalized and weight reduced. After 8 months, fatigue and pigmentation improved significantly. Conclusion: Siddha therapy showed promising results in managing PCOS symptoms and improving overall well-being, offering a viable alternative for patients unresponsive to conventional treatment.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
  topic: keywords
subject: Siddha Medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: Holistic Treatment
  topic: keywords
subject: Menstrual Irregularity
  topic: keywords
subject: Weight Management.
  topic: keywords
creator: Leelambigai
creator: Rajarajeswari T
creator: Ramya Bharathi M
creator: Bernaitis L*
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-07-27
publication date: 2025-07-27
starting page: 17
ending page: 19

INTEGRATING HEALTH EDUCATION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY TO REDUCE HYPERTENSION RISK: A COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT APPROACH
type: item
description: Background: Hypertension is a major contributor to global morbidity and mortality. In Indonesia, its prevalence among adults has increased significantly, reaching 34.1% in 2018. Banten Province mirrors this trend, particularly in urban areas, due to poor dietary habits, inactivity, and stress. Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors contribute to the burden, making community-based interventions essential. Methods: This community service initiative aimed to reduce hypertension risk through health education and physical activity. It targeted 30 adults and elderly residents of RT 02/RW 01, Babakan Subdistrict, South Tangerang. The program integrated an interactive educational session based on the local CERIA campaign (Limit salt, Take medication, Monitor blood pressure, Manage stress, Exercise, and Don’t smoke) and a tailored group exercise activity. Local health cadres were actively involved. Results: Participants showed good knowledge of hypertension but struggled to adopt healthy behaviors such as low-sodium diets, regular exercise, and stress management. Many were unaware of genetic risk factors and lacked routine blood pressure monitoring. Group exercise sessions enhanced physical engagement and community bonding. Gender disparities were observed, with higher hypertension prevalence among women, particularly postmenopausal. Conclusion: The integration of the CERIA program and group exercise effectively promoted awareness and encouraged lifestyle modification. Sustainable health promotion requires ongoing community participation, cadre empowerment, and accessible education. This approach demonstrates how localized, participatory strategies can transform hypertension prevention into a collective health movement.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Hypertension
  topic: keywords
subject: health education
  topic: keywords
subject: physical activity
  topic: keywords
subject: behavioral change
  topic: keywords
subject: health promotion
  topic: keywords
creator: Fenita Purnama Sari Indah
creator: Lela Kania Rahsa Puji
creator: Riska Edwi Meilia
creator: Tri Okta Ratnaningtyas
creator: Talitha El Zhafira Hadi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-07-18
publication date: 2025-07-18
starting page: 13
ending page: 16

Demographic profile and Risk factors associated with early onset of ST elevation Myocardial Infarction in younger people aged
type: item
description: Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a global health concern that results in increased healthcare expenses, disability, and premature mortality. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a condition that is typically observed in elderly adults, but it is now affecting younger individuals. Public awareness of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), its risk factors, and complications is regrettably inadequate. The prevalence and outcomes of youthful coronary artery disease (CAD) are also unknown. The purpose of this investigation is to assess the demographic profile, risk factors, and in-hospital outcomes of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in patients aged 40 years or younger. Methods: 50 patients who were younger than 40 years old and had been diagnosed with acute STEMI participated in research that was carried out at the Department of Medicine at Khulna Medical College Hospital. In-hospital outcomes, demographic features, risk factors, echocardiographic results, and other variables were evaluated. For the purpose of conducting data analysis, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was utilized. The statistical significance was established at a p-value of ≤0.05 utilizing this software. For the purpose of analysis, the Chi-square test was utilized. Results: In terms of the patient demographic, male patients made up 74% of the total. Among the group, there was a considerably greater prevalence of smoking (70 percent), a positive family history of ischemic heart disease (52 percent), dyslipidemia (48 percent), and a significantly higher body mass index (BMI). On the other hand, hypertension (14%), diabetes (20%), and a history of angina (16%) were shown to constitute less important factors. A significant improvement in the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was seen (p = 0.005), which is an important finding to take into consideration. Heart failure (16%), arrhythmias (8%), cardiogenic shock (2%), post-myocardial infarction …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS)
  topic: keywords
subject: Young
  topic: keywords
subject: Risk factors
  topic: keywords
subject: In-hospital outcome
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Md. Sayfur Rahman
creator: Dr. Md. Zahirul Huq
creator: Dr. Md. Nazmul Kabir
creator: Dr. Md. Fayzur Rahman
creator: Dr. Tasnim Mahmud
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-07-18
publication date: 2025-07-18
starting page: 9
ending page: 12

Hydatid Disease Incidence and Laboratory Diagnosis in Sana’a 2020-2023
type: item
description: Background: hydatid disease is common zoonosis disease in third world countries specially Yemen caused by parasite echinococcosis granulose it’s diagnosed on clinical, laboratory (serology) and radiological bases. it’s effect liver, lung, pelvis and many other organs – the point of incidence and diagnosis become important for treatment and improve outcome. Objective: Assess the incidence rate, laboratory and radiological diagnosis and outcome of hydatid disease in last years in Sanaa- Yemen. Patient and methods: this are a retrospective descriptive case series study among Yemen patients presented and operated in same governmental and private hospitals in Sanaa city – Yemen during period April 2020 to April 2023 which study conducted on 92 cases after confirming presence and operated for hydatid disease. This short-term study was established after ethical consideration, in which the data collected to performed questioner after recording data from patient file and interviewing patient and his responsible resident surgeons and consultants since receiving the case till the patient was operated and after discharged, after that collected data have been computerized to be analyzed through SPSS and excel programs. Results and discussion: Our study show that females are more affected (54%). than male (46%) and that the middle age group (15-64) years are the most, with a rate of (85%). married social state take the most of sample (64%), and also most of them with average socioeconomic state (58%). Most cases of our study were live in Amanat Alasimah (20%) And furthermore most patient was born in al Mehwit (20%)., the most common organ affected by hydatid cyst is Liver (43%) then lung. The most common Risk Factors or method for transmation is Direct contact with infected dog or cat/another animal (34%). almost sample give no medical, surgical or family history. All patient (100%) diagnosed radiologically and only 37% has confirmed on laboratory bases as ELIZA OR IHAT and ELIZA…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: recurrent disease
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subject: patients
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subject: laboratory diagnosis
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subject: medical therapy
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subject: post operation.
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creator: Dr. Faisal Abdulraqeeb Saeed abdo MD. FACS
creator: Ali Ahmed Al-Zaazaai
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-07-15
publication date: 2025-07-15
starting page: 1
ending page: 8

Community Management of H1N1 Influenza in Valasaiyur, SALEM: A Treatment Survey
type: item
description: Background: Swine influenza (H1N1), caused by Influenza A viruses (IAVs) of the Orthomyxoviridae family, is a zoonotic disease of significant concern affecting both the pig industry and public health. Pigs serve as intermediate hosts where genetic reassortment of influenza strains may occur, potentially leading to pandemics in the human population. In recent years, recurrent outbreaks have highlighted the importance of community-level awareness, preventive strategies, and treatment preferences in managing such infections. This study focuses on assessing the treatment-seeking behavior, symptom presentation, and preventive practices adopted by the residents of Valasaiyur, Salem during an outbreak of H1N1 influenza. Methods: A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey was conducted in 2024 among 215 participants residing in Valasaiyur, Salem. The survey included questions on demographic information, treatment preference, symptomatology, underlying medical conditions, and the use of preventive measures, with a particular focus on the utilization of Siddha medicine alongside conventional systems. Results: Among the 215 participants, 51% reported preferring Siddha medicine for the management of H1N1 symptoms, followed by 41% opting for allopathy, and 4% each for homeopathy and Ayurveda. Commonly reported symptoms included fever (55%), cough (15%), shortness of breath (15%), vomiting (10%), and headache (5%). Hospital admissions were necessary for several individuals, especially those with comorbidities such as diabetes (56%), asthma (37%), and pregnancy (7%). Notably, 67% of individuals who remained unaffected reported regular intake of preventive Siddha formulations such as Kabhasura Kudineer, indicating a potential role in prophylaxis. Conclusion: The study underscores the prominence of Siddha medicine as a preferred treatment and preventive strategy among the local population during H1N1 outbreaks. The integration of traditional practices with modern medicine may enh…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: H1N1
  topic: keywords
subject: Swine Influenza
  topic: keywords
subject: Siddha Medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: Community Survey
  topic: keywords
subject: Kabhasura Kudineer
  topic: keywords
subject: Salem
  topic: keywords
subject: Preventive Healthcare
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subject: Zoonotic Disease.
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creator: Bernaitis L*
creator: Lalithambigai. A.B
creator: Naveena Sri. S.
creator: Suvetha. S
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-21
publication date: 2025-06-21
starting page: 7
ending page: 11