World Journal of Economics, Business and Management
type: channel
description: World Journal of Economics, Business, and Management, ISSN: 3049-2181 (Online) is a premier, peer-reviewed, open-access journal that was founded in 2024 by WASR Publication. The journal aims to serve as a leading platform for researchers, academicians, and practitioners in the fields of economics, business, and management to disseminate high-quality, original research. WJEBM is committed to promoting the exchange of ideas and knowledge, fostering academic and professional excellence, and contributing to the advancement of these disciplines.
publisher: WASR Publication
language: en
publication name: World Journal of Economics, Business and Management
issn: 3049-2181
items: An Analytical Study on the Performance and Expansion of Self-Help Groups in Andhra Pradesh
items: THE ROLE OF PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS IN MODERN MIS: ANALYSIS OF IMPLEMENTATION AND IMPACT ON BUSINESS DECISION-MAKING
items: Investor Returns and Performance of Renewable Energy IPOs in India
items: Financial Literacy and Investment Decisions of Small and Medium Enterprises in Nigeria
items: Integrated Marketing Communication and Sales Performance of Quoted Pharmaceutical Companies in Nigeria
items: Effect of Global Economic Challenges, Interest Rate Dynamics, and Uncertainty on the Stability and Performance of the Banking System in Ireland
items: Tax Mobilization Performance in Iran: A Comparative Analysis with Regional Peers
items: Nonlinear Dynamics of Female Employment: Evidence from Structural Transformation and Labor Market Composition
items: Effect of Sustainable Marketing Strategy on Customer Retention in Nigerian Banking Industry
items: Distribution Channel Management and Sales Volume of Listed Pharmaceutical Companies in Nigeria
items: Human Resource Management and Organizational Effectiveness in Changing Times
items: Transformational Leadership and Organizational Adaptability: Integrated Human Resource Management Model
items: Economic Consequences of the Russia–Ukraine Crisis for India
items: ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF AIRLINES IN NIGERIA
items: TALENT MANAGEMENT AND BUSINESS INNOVATIVENESS OF INDIGENOUS OIL AND GAS COMPANIES IN SOUTH-SOUTH NIGERIA
items: Entrepreneurial Leadership and Innovative Work Behavior: The Role of Employee Entrepreneurial Passion
items: THE IMPACT OF MANDATORY AGE-BASED RETIREMENT OF QUALIFIED AND EXPERIENCED PERSONNEL ON STRATEGIC EFFICIENCY IN FOREIGN POLICY
items: The Role of Hedonistic Conformity, Social Pressure, and Loan Self-Control on PayLater Usage Behavior among University Students
items: https://wasrpublication.com/index.php/wjebm/article/view/170
items: Digital Transformation in Indian Banking: Opportunities and Challenges
items: Rainwater Harvesting Ancient to Modern
items: Accounting for Peace and Environmental Justice: Toward a Multi-Dimensional Sustainability Model
items: Enhancing SDG-4 Outcomes through Vocational Education in Sikkim
items: A STUDY ON ADAPTIVE STRATEGIES OF DUCK FARMERS IN RESPONSE TO WEATHER -INDUCED FLOOD VARIABILITY IN KERALA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ALAPPUZHA DISTRICT
items: The Role of Readiness to Change as a Mediator in the Relationship between Employee Performance, Digitization, and Self-Efficacy
items: DETERMINANTS OF DISCLOSURE INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL (STUDY ON TELECOMMUNICATION COMPANIES LISTED ON THE IDX IN 2018-2022)
items: GREEN FINANCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING: EMPIRICAL INSIGHTS FROM SUSTAINABLE BANKING PRATICES
items: Human Capital and Income Growth in East Asia
items: Franchise or Famine: Exploring Franchising as a Side-Hustle Strategy for Salary Earners in Economically Strained Labour Markets
items: Development through Women Empowerment: A Study of Kasaragod District in Kerala

An Analytical Study on the Performance and Expansion of Self-Help Groups in Andhra Pradesh
type: item
description: The Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana – National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM) is a flagship programme of the Government of India designed to alleviate rural poverty by organizing economically disadvantaged women into Self-Help Groups (SHGs). The mission facilitates access to financial services, credit support, and livelihood opportunities through a decentralized and flexible implementation framework, enabling states to adopt context-specific strategies. In addition to SHGs, the programme encourages the formation of collective institutions such as farmer groups, dairy cooperatives, and producer organizations to strengthen income generation. A key focus of DAY-NRLM is the inclusion of marginalized sections, including Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), minorities, and persons with disabilities, identified through the Socio-Economic and Caste Census (SECC). Since its inception in 2011, the mission has successfully mobilized a large number of rural women across the country. Among all states, Andhra Pradesh has emerged as a leading performer in terms of SHG formation, credit linkage, and repayment efficiency. Furthermore, SHGs actively contribute to the implementation of major rural development programmes such as MGNREGA, thereby strengthening grassroots governance and community participation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: DAY-NRLM
  topic: keywords
subject: Self-Help Groups (SHGs)
  topic: keywords
subject: Rural Poverty Alleviation
  topic: keywords
subject: Women Empowerment
  topic: keywords
subject: Financial Inclusion
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. K. Sankara Reddy*
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-10-24
publication date: 2025-10-24
starting page: 16
ending page: 22

THE ROLE OF PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS IN MODERN MIS: ANALYSIS OF IMPLEMENTATION AND IMPACT ON BUSINESS DECISION-MAKING
type: item
description: In the contemporary business environment, management information systems are no longer limited to the collection, storage, and presentation of historical data; rather, they increasingly constitute an intelligent foundation for anticipatory and proactive business decision-making. In this context, predictive analytics and machine learning occupy a central position in the development of modern MIS, as they enable the identification of patterns in data, the estimation of probable future outcomes, and the timely response of management. The aim of this paper is to analyze the role of predictive analytics in contemporary information systems, with particular emphasis on its integration into business processes and its impact on the quality of business decision-making. The paper examines the theoretical foundations of business intelligence, predictive analytics, and machine learning; presents the architectural framework of their integration into MIS; and analyzes typical applications in customer management, inventory management, process management, and risk management. A separate section of the paper is designed as a simulated research model that illustratively demonstrates how the effects of predictive analytics could be empirically examined in organizations. The findings indicate that the integration of analytical models into modern Management Information Systems (MIS) contributes to higher-quality decision-making, faster managerial response, and greater operational efficiency; however, the full effects depend on data quality, professional competencies, and organizational readiness for change.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Management information systems
  topic: keywords
subject: predictive analytics
  topic: keywords
subject: machine learning
  topic: keywords
subject: business decision-making
  topic: keywords
subject: business intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: data management.
  topic: keywords
creator: Faruk Unkić*
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-12-17
publication date: 2024-12-17
starting page: 45
ending page: 51
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.19626968

Investor Returns and Performance of Renewable Energy IPOs in India
type: item
description: The growing emphasis on sustainable development and clean energy transition has significantly influenced the dynamics of capital markets in India, particularly in the context of Initial Public Offerings (IPOs). Over the past decade, the Indian stock market has witnessed a notable increase in listings, with the renewable energy sector emerging as a key contributor to this trend. Renewable energy firms, supported by favorable government policies and global environmental commitments, have increasingly accessed public markets to mobilize capital for expansion and technological advancement. This study examines the performance of renewable energy IPOs in comparison with conventional energy offerings in the Indian stock market. It focuses on key aspects such as initial price differences, listing-day returns, subscription levels, and investor sentiment. The study also explores the phenomenon of IPO underpricing and its implications for market efficiency and investor behavior. Further, the research analyzes the role of various determinants such as pricing strategies, market conditions, underwriter reputation, and regulatory environment in influencing IPO outcomes. By integrating financial performance indicators with sustainability-oriented investment perspectives, the study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how renewable energy IPOs behave in emerging markets like India. The findings are expected to offer valuable insights for investors, policymakers, and researchers by highlighting the interplay between environmental objectives and financial market performance. Ultimately, the study contributes to bridging the gap between sustainable finance and capital market analysis, emphasizing the importance of renewable energy investments in shaping future economic growth.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Renewable Energy IPOs
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable Finance
  topic: keywords
subject: IPO Underpricing
  topic: keywords
subject: Indian Stock b Market
  topic: keywords
subject: Investor Sentiment.
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. K. Sankara Reddy*
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-09-26
publication date: 2025-09-26
starting page: 19
ending page: 29

Financial Literacy and Investment Decisions of Small and Medium Enterprises in Nigeria
type: item
description: This study investigates financial literacy and investment decisions of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria. Specifically, it examines the relationship between financial knowledge and sales growth, financial attitude and investment outcomes, and regulatory awareness and investment choices. Using a quantitative research design, data were collected from 109 SME managers through an online structured survey. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses, including Pearson correlation, were employed to test the hypotheses. The findings reveal a strong positive correlation between financial knowledge and sales growth (r = 0.893, p < 0.01), indicating that enhanced financial literacy significantly improves business performance. Financial attitudes, particularly continuous learning and risk-taking, positively influence investment outcomes, though risk aversion remains prevalent due to Nigeria's volatile economic environment. Additionally, awareness of financial regulations shows a significant positive relationship with investment choices (r = 0.904, p < 0.01), guiding SMEs toward more compliant and secure investments. The study recommends targeted financial literacy programs, improved access to affordable professional financial advice, and enhanced regulatory awareness initiatives to strengthen SME performance and sustainability in Nigeria. Keywords: , , , , , ,
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Financial literacy
  topic: keywords
subject: financial knowledge
  topic: keywords
subject: financial attitude
  topic: keywords
subject: regulatory awareness
  topic: keywords
subject: investment decisions
  topic: keywords
subject: SMEs
  topic: keywords
subject: Nigeria
  topic: keywords
creator: C. E. Ofanson*
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-02-27
publication date: 2026-02-27
starting page: 18
ending page: 24

Integrated Marketing Communication and Sales Performance of Quoted Pharmaceutical Companies in Nigeria
type: item
description: The study assessed the relationship between integrated marketing communication strategies and the sales performance of quoted pharmaceutical companies in Nigeria. The study adopted an ex post facto design. The population of the study was 4566 marketers of seven quoted pharmaceutical firms in Nigeria, and a sample size of 368 was determined. A structured questionnaire was employed to gather primary data from the respondents, while secondary data was collected from annual financial records of the firms for the period covered. The Cronbach's alpha was used to validate the questionnaire and assess its reliability. The Person's Product Moment Coefficient statistic tool and regression analyses were used for inferential statistical testing of the hypotheses at the 0.05 confidence level. The results showed that there is a significant correlation between integrated marketing communication strategies and sales performance. The study found that advertising, sales promotion, public relations, personal selling, and direct selling are significant predictors of sales performance. The study concluded that the adoption of integrated marketing communication strategies increases customer patronage and sales performance. The study recommended, amongst others, that pharmaceutical companies should prioritise public relations marketing over other integrated marketing communication techniques and tactics to increase sales. For optimum selling, more focus should be placed on direct-to-customer and personal selling.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Marketing communication
  topic: keywords
subject: sales performance
  topic: keywords
subject: advertising
  topic: keywords
subject: sales promotion
  topic: keywords
subject: public relations
  topic: keywords
subject: personal selling
  topic: keywords
subject: direct marketing.
  topic: keywords
creator: Mitchell Ofoyeju, PhD*
creator: Calistus Ojodale Akoh, PhD
creator: Innocent Immoneghame Agbanu, PhD
creator: Rita Inikpi Odiba, PhD
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-23
publication date: 2026-03-23
starting page: 14
ending page: 20

Effect of Global Economic Challenges, Interest Rate Dynamics, and Uncertainty on the Stability and Performance of the Banking System in Ireland
type: item
description: This paper examines how global macroeconomic challenges, interest rate dynamics, and heightened uncertainty affect the stability and performance of the Irish banking system in the current international environment. Drawing on theoretical frameworks and empirical survey evidence, the study investigates how external shocks such as geopolitical tensions, trade disruptions, tariff uncertainty, and global growth slowdowns are transmitted into Ireland’s small, open economy and interact with domestic vulnerabilities to influence banking outcomes. The study uses a structured questionnaire administered to 86 respondents (from a population of 110), comprising bank customers, Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) owners, and bank employees in Ireland. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and t‑tests with SPSS (version 9.0). The results show that turbulent global conditions and policy uncertainty significantly affect Irish banking stability and profitability, while interest rate variability strongly influences lending activity, household spending, and corporate investment decisions. Although the Irish banking sector currently appears resilient in terms of capital and profitability, it remains exposed to global shocks, trade tensions, and tariff developments, as highlighted in recent stability assessments. Uncertainty undermines consumer confidence and complicates earnings forecasts, yet proactive risk management, portfolio diversification, digital transformation, and close engagement with regulators enhance resilience. The paper concludes that, in an increasingly volatile and geopolitically fragmented global economy, Irish banks must maintain flexible, forward‑looking strategies to safeguard stability and sustain performance.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Global economic challenges
  topic: keywords
subject: Irish banking sector
  topic: keywords
subject: interest rate risk
  topic: keywords
subject: uncertainty
  topic: keywords
subject: financial stability
  topic: keywords
subject: resilience
  topic: keywords
subject: small open economy.
  topic: keywords
creator: C. E. Ofanson
creator: Prof. E. J. Ofanson
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-21
publication date: 2026-03-21
starting page: 7
ending page: 13

Tax Mobilization Performance in Iran: A Comparative Analysis with Regional Peers
type: item
description: The Islamic Republic of Iran faces significant fiscal challenges due to its heavy dependence on volatile oil revenues and prolonged economic pressure from international sanctions. In this context, strengthening domestic tax mobilization has become essential for achieving fiscal sustainability and reducing reliance on oil income. Despite being one of the largest economies in the Middle East, Iran has historically underutilized its tax capacity, resulting in structural weaknesses in its fiscal system. This study examines Iran’s tax mobilization performance using key indicators from the Collecting Taxes Database (CTD), including the value-added tax (VAT) efficiency ratio, personal income tax (PIT) productivity, and corporate income tax (CIT) productivity. A comparative analysis is conducted with selected regional peers—Pakistan, Afghanistan, Australia, Turkey, and Saudi Arabia—to assess relative performance and identify gaps. The findings highlight that Iran’s tax system remains below its potential due to inefficiencies in tax administration, limited tax base, and structural constraints. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for comprehensive tax reforms, including improved compliance, digitalization, and policy adjustments, to enhance domestic revenue mobilization and ensure long-term fiscal stability.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Tax Mobilization
  topic: keywords
subject: Iran Economy
  topic: keywords
subject: Oil Revenue Dependency
  topic: keywords
subject: VAT Efficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: PIT and CIT Productivity
  topic: keywords
subject: Fiscal Sustainability
  topic: keywords
subject: Comparative Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Middle East Economies.
  topic: keywords
creator: Tanvirul Islam*
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-09-21
publication date: 2025-09-21
starting page: 13
ending page: 18

Nonlinear Dynamics of Female Employment: Evidence from Structural Transformation and Labor Market Composition
type: item
description: This study examines the nonlinear determinants of female employment within the context of structural transformation and labor market composition. Moving beyond conventional linear specifications, the paper develops and empirically validates a nonlinear modeling framework that captures saturation effects, asymmetric sectoral responses, and demographic constraints. Using time series data and nonlinear least squares estimation, the results reveal that female employment responds nonlinearly to industrial expansion, service sector growth, agricultural dependence, fertility behavior, and labor market vulnerability. Formal wage employment exhibits diminishing marginal effects beyond threshold levels, while agricultural dependence and fertility exert increasingly restrictive influences. Diagnostic evaluations confirm strong model fit and well behaved residuals, underscoring the robustness of the nonlinear specification. The findings highlight the limitations of linear policy prescriptions and emphasize the need for adaptive, threshold aware employment strategies. The study contributes methodologically by demonstrating the relevance of nonlinear approaches in labor market analysis and substantively by offering policy relevant insights for female employment promotion in developing economies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Female employment
  topic: keywords
subject: Nonlinear modeling
  topic: keywords
subject: Structural transformation
  topic: keywords
subject: Labor market dynamics
  topic: keywords
subject: Fertility
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. M. Kulasekhar*
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-04-27
publication date: 2025-04-27
starting page: 17
ending page: 24

Effect of Sustainable Marketing Strategy on Customer Retention in Nigerian Banking Industry
type: item
description: Customer retention has become a critical challenge in the Nigerian banking industry, where heightened competition, technological advancements, and evolving customer expectations demand innovative approaches. This study investigates the effect of sustainable marketing strategies on customer retention in the Nigerian banking industry. The study examines specifically the effect of sustainable product, pricing, people, physical environment, distribution, process, and promotion on customer retention. The research employed a survey design with a sample of 396 respondents drawn from 43,944 employees and customers of 14 listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression. Findings revealed that sustainable product, pricing, people, physical environment, process, and promotion strategies significantly and positively influence customer retention, while sustainable distribution showed no significant effect. The results underscore the importance of aligning banking services with environmental, social, and ethical values to build trust, loyalty, and long-term relationships. The study concludes that sustainable marketing practices are essential drivers of customer retention in Nigeria’s banking sector and recommends that banks strengthen environmentally friendly products, fair pricing, customer-centric processes, and promotional activities to enhance loyalty and competitiveness.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sustainable marketing
  topic: keywords
subject: customer retention
  topic: keywords
subject: customer loyalty
  topic: keywords
subject: customer commitment.
  topic: keywords
creator: Rita Inikpi Odiba, PhD
creator: Mitchell Ofoyeju, PhD
creator: Calistus Ojodale Akoh, PhD
creator: Innocent Immoneghame Agbanu, PhD
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-10-23
publication date: 2025-10-23
starting page: 9
ending page: 15

Distribution Channel Management and Sales Volume of Listed Pharmaceutical Companies in Nigeria
type: item
description: This study explores the effect of distribution channel management on the sales volume of listed pharmaceutical companies in Nigeria. The study specifically examines the effect of distribution channel management dimensions (channel design, channel selection, channel coordination, and channel management technologies) on sales volume. The study employed ex-post facto and cross-sectional survey research designs. Using a census survey of 707 marketing staff across six publicly listed pharmaceutical firms, data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and multiple regression. Results revealed that distribution channel management accounts for 60.5% of the variation in sales volume. It showed that channel design, selection, coordination, and management technologies each had significant positive effects on sales volume, with technologies exerting the strongest influence. The study concludes that effective distribution channel management is a critical driver of sales growth in Nigeria’s pharmaceutical industry and recommends that firms should strengthen their distribution structures, adopt advanced technologies, and foster collaboration among channel partners to increase sales volume.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Distribution channel management
  topic: keywords
subject: channel design
  topic: keywords
subject: channel selection
  topic: keywords
subject: channel coordination
  topic: keywords
subject: channel management technologies
  topic: keywords
subject: sales volume.
  topic: keywords
creator: Calistus Ojodale Akoh, PhD*
creator: Rita Inikpi Odiba, PhD
creator: Mitchell Ofoyeju, PhD
creator: Innocent Immoneghame Agbanu, PhD
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-09-16
publication date: 2025-09-16
starting page: 6
ending page: 12

Human Resource Management and Organizational Effectiveness in Changing Times
type: item
description: Human resource management provides the creative ingredients for organizational effectiveness because people design and produce the goods and services and allocate financial resources. People in organizations set the overall strategies and objectives for organizations without which they cannot achieve their objectives. The importance of human resource management and people in organizations is a fundamental result of the Hawthorne studies in terms of motivation and respect for labour in the workplace. This can be emphasized because effectiveness is often inter-woven with job satisfaction which is a positive emotional reaction to a person’s job experiences. This also develops into organizational commitment that reflects a strong belief in an organization’s goals and values, a willingness to exert considerable effort on behalf of the organization. The era of accountability for human resource management has arisen from concerns about effectiveness and productivity in organizations. This is imperative because the human being plays a major role in ensuring that an organization will survive and prosper through measures of efficiency and effectiveness. These measures of efficiency and effectiveness revolves around equity and perceptions of justice in the tradition of humane bureaucracy to boost motivation and organizational effectiveness. The qualitative exploratory research design was adopted for this study and the result showed significant positive relationship between human resource management and organizational effectiveness. The study was never exhaustive, further study should therefore, examine the relationship between human resource management and profitability in Nigeria organizations. This study recommends that human beings in any organization should be treated with equity and respect for optimal performance and organizational effectiveness. JEL: M10, M12.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Equity
  topic: keywords
subject: Perception of Justice
  topic: keywords
subject: Humane bureaucracy
  topic: keywords
subject: Era of accountability for human resource management
  topic: keywords
subject: Productivity
  topic: keywords
subject: Efficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: Competitive economic environment.
  topic: keywords
creator: John Nkeobuna Nnah Ugoani*
creator: Ngozi Favour Richard
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-03
publication date: 2026-03-03
starting page: 1
ending page: 6

Transformational Leadership and Organizational Adaptability: Integrated Human Resource Management Model
type: item
description: The qualitative exploratory research design was employed to examine the relationship between transformational leadership behavior and organizational adaptability. Transformational leadership is characterized by main elements such as idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration that promote psychological empowerment and organizational citizenship behavior. These behaviors are linked to organizational strength and flexibility necessary to drive organizational change, transformation and adaptability. Organizational adaptability is almost always about creating wealth in the organization and this also rests squarely on transformational leadership as the big ladder towards the achievement of sustainable competitive advantage. For example, organizational adaptability also results to organizational congruence. This would suggest that the organization has human resource management practices where there is a higher coincidence of interest among organizational leadership, shareholders and organizational people that enhance the capacity of the organization to become adaptive to changes in its operating environment. The result of this investigation conducted in Nigeria showed a significant positive correlation between transformation leadership and organizational adaptability. The study was not however, exhaustive due to lack of research funding and current relevant literature. Further study could examine the relationship between followership and organizational performance as a step in improving performance in Nigerian organizations. The study recommends that organizations should focus on training leaders who can demonstrate the capacity for empowering others to carry out the responsibility of organizational change, innovation and adaptability. JEL: M10, M12.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Strategic leadership
  topic: keywords
subject: Organizational leadership
  topic: keywords
subject: Organizational citizenship behaviours
  topic: keywords
subject: Organizational commitment
  topic: keywords
subject: Transactional leadership
  topic: keywords
subject: Followership
  topic: keywords
subject: Organizational change
  topic: keywords
subject: Traditional leadership theorists
  topic: keywords
subject: Heroic leadership
  topic: keywords
subject: Psychological empowerment.
  topic: keywords
creator: John Nkeobuna Nnah Ugoani*
creator: Ngozi Favour Richard
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-02-15
publication date: 2026-02-15
starting page: 11
ending page: 17

Economic Consequences of the Russia–Ukraine Crisis for India
type: item
description: War, a word that brings humanity to its knees and condemns every humanitarian law, enacted by any great organisation with a diverse range of viewpoints in order to promote harmony among people, to the death bed by violating each law that stood in the way of the ultimate goal of victory in the war. The on- going crisis in Ukraine will have ramifications not only for the countries involved in the conflict but also for the rest of the world, with Asian countries bearing the brunt of the consequences. Every war in this modern world is accompanied by certain sanctions, and Russia has been subjected to these sanctions. However, it is unclear whether these sanctions have had a significant impact on Russia or whether they are simply a step to reduce the heat that has been generated in the political environment. On February 24, 2022, Russian President Vladimir Putin declared war against the United States at a time that corresponded to Indian Standard Time (IST). This resulted in widespread tensions throughout the world, with all of the world's most important authorities taken by surprise by the news. Because of this, various stock market indices have fallen precipitously, with the Russian index plummeting by nearly 50%. As the day came to a close, major European Union countries announced their intention to impose sanctions on Russia, which would have a devastating effect on the Russian economy. Following that, the United States imposed a number of mild sanctions in the hope that Russia would refrain from invading Ukraine. With no success, the United States began to tighten the sanctions. Russia is the world's third-largest supplier of crude oil, and nearly one-third of the world's total energy supply comes from Russia, which is routed through Ukraine. Aside from that, Russia is responsible for nearly 90 per cent of the world's total neon gas supplies, which are used in the manufacturing of semiconductor chips. The international market for major metals supplies is also domina…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Russia–Ukraine War
  topic: keywords
subject: Economic Sanctions
  topic: keywords
subject: Global Supply Chain Disruptions
  topic: keywords
subject: Crude Oil Market
  topic: keywords
subject: Semiconductor Industry
  topic: keywords
subject: Indian Economy
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. K. Sankara Reddy*
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-01-12
publication date: 2026-01-12
starting page: 9
ending page: 12
doi: 10.65336/WJEBM.2026.3102

ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF AIRLINES IN NIGERIA
type: item
description: The Nigerian aviation industry faces persistent challenges in achieving optimal organisational performance, highlighting the need for strategic drivers such as entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and effective leadership in a highly regulated environment. This study examined the effects of EO - measured through risk-taking, proactiveness, and innovativeness - on the organizational performance of domestic airlines in Nigeria, assessed via financial and non-financial indicators. The mediating role of leadership style and the moderating effect of the regulatory environment were also investigated. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted, targeting 198 representatives across eleven domestic airline operators. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS. The results revealed that risk-taking, proactiveness, and innovativeness significantly improved financial performance, while non-financial outcomes also benefited, though with varying effect sizes across EO dimensions. Leadership style significantly mediated the EO–performance relationship, and the regulatory environment significantly moderated this link, confirming the stability of the estimates and supporting the mediation and moderation hypotheses. These findings underscore the critical roles of entrepreneurial behaviours, leadership, and regulatory frameworks in enhancing profitability, operational efficiency, service quality, and customer satisfaction in the Nigerian aviation sector. The study recommended implementing structured risk-assessment frameworks to optimize risk-taking, adopting proactive strategies through market intelligence and customer engagement, investing in innovative and eco-friendly technologies, and developing an effective leadership style to channel EO into measurable outcomes. Furthermore, regulatory reforms, including streamlined licensing procedures and tax incentives, can strengthen the moderating effect of the regulatory environment, enabling airlines to conver…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Strategic Aviation Industry
  topic: keywords
subject: Organizationl Performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Sector
  topic: keywords
subject: Niger Delta
  topic: keywords
creator: Kwajaffa, Haruna Mohammed*
creator: Silva Opuala-Charles
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-02-07
publication date: 2026-02-07
starting page: 1
ending page: 10

TALENT MANAGEMENT AND BUSINESS INNOVATIVENESS OF INDIGENOUS OIL AND GAS COMPANIES IN SOUTH-SOUTH NIGERIA
type: item
description: This study examined the relationship between talent management and business innovation in indigenous oil and gas companies in South-South Nigeria. The objective was to investigate how talent acquisition, talent development, and reward management influenced service innovation, process innovation, and marketing innovation, with organizational adhocracy culture serving as a moderating variable. The research adopted a positivist paradigm and utilized a cross-sectional survey design. Data were collected from 117 Management Staff using structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were analyzed using Statistical software for data Analysis (SPSS) Version 25, while the ten hypotheses were tested using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) via SmartPLS Version 4.1.1.1. Findings revealed that talent acquisition significantly enhanced marketing innovation but had no meaningful influence on service or process innovation. Talent development positively influenced both marketing and process innovation, with particularly strong effects on process improvement, but had no significant effect on service innovation. Reward management showed a positive effect on service innovation but negatively affected marketing and process innovation, indicating a misalignment between incentive structures and innovation goals. Furthermore, organizational adhocracy culture significantly moderated the relationship between talent management and business innovation, but in a negative direction—implying that in highly flexible and less structured environments, the impact of talent strategies on innovation was weakened. The study concluded that while talent management is critical to innovation, its impact varies across innovation types and is influenced by the organizational culture. It was recommended that firms strengthen the alignment between recruitment practices, training programs, and innovation goals. Reward systems should be redesigned to support creativity and operationa…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Talent Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Business Innovativeness
  topic: keywords
subject: Indigenous Oil and Gas Companies
  topic: keywords
subject: South-South, Nigeria
  topic: keywords
creator: Oweifie Justina Ebi
creator: Emeka Obi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-01-09
publication date: 2026-01-09
starting page: 1
ending page: 8
doi: 10.65336/WJEBM.2026.3101

Entrepreneurial Leadership and Innovative Work Behavior: The Role of Employee Entrepreneurial Passion
type: item
description: Innovation is a gateway to survival, growth, and success for modern organizations. Employees’ fundamental contribution to organizational innovation is well documented. Stimulating the creativity and innovativeness of employees is thus an essential objective of many leaders. However, not all leaders would be effective in this endeavor, and not under all circumstances. We investigate the relationship between perceived entrepreneurial leadership and innovative work behavior of IT employees. We draw on social cognitive theory to explain this relationship. Our model theorizes that perceived entrepreneurial leadership would enhance employees' innovative behavior directly and indirectly through their entrepreneurial passion. We empirically test our theory using structural equation modeling based on data collected from 446 employees using an online survey. The results validate our model. Our findings offer new, important theoretical insights and useful managerial implications .
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Entrepreneurial leadership
  topic: keywords
subject: Innovative work behavior
  topic: keywords
subject: Employee entrepreneurial Passion
  topic: keywords
subject: IT employees
  topic: keywords
subject: Social cognitive theory
  topic: keywords
creator: Hend Elsayed
creator: Yongyue Wang*
creator: Nehal Elhelaly
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-12-19
publication date: 2025-12-19
starting page: 39
ending page: 56
doi: 10.65336/WJEBM.2025.21202

THE IMPACT OF MANDATORY AGE-BASED RETIREMENT OF QUALIFIED AND EXPERIENCED PERSONNEL ON STRATEGIC EFFICIENCY IN FOREIGN POLICY
type: item
description: This study examines the effects of mandatory age-based retirement on strategic efficiency in foreign policy from an interdisciplinary perspective. The research presents an original conceptual framework positioned at the intersection of public administration, organizational behavior, international relations, and aging studies literatures. The central argument contends that automatic retirement mechanisms based on chronological age produce multidimensional adverse effects on strategic efficiency through institutional memory loss, diminished experience density, disruption of intergenerational knowledge transfer, and weakened inter-institutional coordination capacity. The research demonstrates that these effects are amplified particularly in the foreign policy domain through a "multiplier effect" mechanism, as foreign policy decisions are made under conditions of high uncertainty, multi-actor complexity, and elevated error costs. Employing comparative policy analysis and thematic content analysis methods, the study proposes a health-based flexible retirement model grounded in the scientific consensus that chronological age alone is not a reliable indicator of performance. This model envisions qualified and experienced personnel continuing in their positions without restrictions until age 75; undergoing biennial health board evaluations between ages 75-81; and annual evaluations thereafter. Research findings indicate that the proposed model could generate positive effects on decision quality, institutional continuity, intergenerational complementarity, and strategic foresight capacity. The study frames the reconsideration of mandatory retirement age not as a short-term personnel arrangement but as a long-term institutional investment that strengthens national strategic capacity.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Mandatory retirement age
  topic: keywords
subject: strategic efficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: institutional memory
  topic: keywords
subject: foreign policy
  topic: keywords
subject: experience density
  topic: keywords
subject: multiplier effect
  topic: keywords
subject: health-based flexible retirement model
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Sıddık Arslan*
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-12-18
publication date: 2025-12-18
starting page: 1
ending page: 38
doi: 10.65336/WJEBM.2025.21201

The Role of Hedonistic Conformity, Social Pressure, and Loan Self-Control on PayLater Usage Behavior among University Students
type: item
description: The rapid growth of Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL) services such as Shopee PayLater, GoPayLater, and OVO PayLater has transformed young consumers’ financial behavior in Indonesia. While these services increase access to financial products, they also pose a risk of impulsive credit use among university students. This study investigates the influence of hedonistic conformity and social pressure on PayLater usage behavior, introducing loan self-control a construct first conceptualized by <!-- [if supportFields]>ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.5267/j.ac.2024.2.001","abstract":"Loan Self Control (LSC) can be defined as the ability of self-control related to behavioral control, cognitive control, and decisional control in managing loans or debts for financial welfare. The study aims to determine the factors of loan self-control in Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR) banking customers of Micro Small Medium Enterprise (MSMEs) in Indonesia so that they can obtain three-time financing from banks. This study used 87 samples collected by purposive sampling technique. Primary data was collected using an online survey. Factor analysis formed 3 loan self-control factors, namely Behavioral control, Cognitive control and decisional control from 14 indicators tested.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Elliyana","given":"Ela","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Widyastuti","given":"Umi","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Buchdadi","given":"Agung Dharmawan","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Rabie","given":"Ahmed Benyahia","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Accounting","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2024"]]},"page":"49-54","title":"Determinants of loan self control: Customer case “Kredit Usaha Rakyat” of Indonesi…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Behavioral finance
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital credit
  topic: keywords
subject: Loan self-control
  topic: keywords
subject: PayLater
  topic: keywords
subject: Social influence
  topic: keywords
creator: Ela Elliyana*
creator: Diah Ismayanti
creator: Ramli Toalib
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-11-07
publication date: 2025-11-07
starting page: 1
ending page: 6

https://wasrpublication.com/index.php/wjebm/article/view/170
type: item
title: Empowerment through Entrepreneurship: A Qualitative study of women Artisan Entrepreneurial Ecosystem & their contribution towards economic and social development in the state of Sikkim & North Bengal Regions
description: Entrepreneurship is universally considered a major force driving the progress of modern society. Entrepreneurs bring forth new ideas and solutions that constitute the very crux of enterprise development and economic growth creation. In the context of a developing nation like ours, North Eastern India, the empowerment of women entrepreneurs has become a core approach towards achieving sustainable development. The current study explores the evolving scenario of women artisan entrepreneurship, especially the determinants of its expansion. It seeks to understand the issues facing women in the entrepreneurial setup of Sikkim & North Bengal regions and their significant contribution to the same. The emergence of women artisan entrepreneurs not only adds to the economic independence of women but also enhances and fosters their exclusive capabilities, securing their livelihood and creating societal development. In responding to the main challenges facing women entrepreneurs, the current study seeks to sensitise policymakers and instill fresh initiative in this regard. Through the study of a few carefully selected case studies, the study focuses on the experiences, achievements, issues, and societal implications pertaining to women artisan entrepreneurs.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Entrepreneurship
  topic: keywords
subject: Empowerment
  topic: keywords
subject: Eco system
  topic: keywords
subject: social development
  topic: keywords
subject: Artisan entrepreneurship
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Pradip Kumar Das*
creator: Dr. Nitya Sundar Nanda
creator: Dr. S. S. Mohanty
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-10-23
publication date: 2025-10-23
starting page: 1
ending page: 8

Digital Transformation in Indian Banking: Opportunities and Challenges
type: item
description: The Indian banking sector is undergoing a profound digital transformation driven by innovations such as mobile banking, digital wallets, the Unified Payments Interface (UPI), and biometric-based authentication. This paper explores the scale, opportunities, and challenges of this transformation, using secondary data from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), and international industry reports. Evidence shows that UPI transactions surpassed 1.38 billion per month by mid-2024, positioning India as the world leader in real-time digital payments. Digital banking has expanded financial inclusion, reduced transaction costs, and fostered fintech-led innovation. However, the rise in cyber frauds, the persistence of a rural-urban digital divide, and regulatory concerns around data governance present significant risks. The study highlights that while digital banking enhances efficiency and accessibility, sustainable growth requires robust cybersecurity frameworks, inclusive digital literacy initiatives, and strengthened regulatory oversight. By analysing current trends and challenges, the paper provides policy suggestions for securing India’s position as a global leader in digital finance.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Digital banking
  topic: keywords
subject: UPI
  topic: keywords
subject: financial inclusion
  topic: keywords
subject: cybersecurity
  topic: keywords
subject: India
  topic: keywords
creator: Bharathraj S. Nejar*
creator: Dr Thippeswamy
creator: Sagar D
creator: Amith H H
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-09-14
publication date: 2025-09-14
starting page: 1
ending page: 5

Rainwater Harvesting Ancient to Modern
type: item
description: Rainwater harvesting has been essential throughout history, from primitive techniques to modern ones. Rainwater harvesting began in ancient cultures like the Indus Valley, Roman Empire, and Mesopotamia using rudimentary catchment and storage technologies. It then discusses modern water scarcity solutions using improved filtration, storage, and delivery systems. The paper shows how combining ancient wisdom and modern advancements can provide sustainable water management solutions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Rainwater Harvesting
  topic: keywords
subject: Water Conservation
  topic: keywords
subject: Ancient Water Systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable Water Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Traditional Practices
  topic: keywords
subject: Modern Technology.
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr V. Basil Hans*
creator: Aaron Kunal Tatpati
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-08-25
publication date: 2025-08-25
starting page: 28
ending page: 33

Accounting for Peace and Environmental Justice: Toward a Multi-Dimensional Sustainability Model
type: item
description: This study investigates how peace and environmental justice can be integrated into sustainability accounting to create a multi-dimensional reporting model. Using a quantitative survey of 120 professionals across corporate, governmental, and non-profit sectors in sub-Saharan Africa, data were analyzed with SPSS to examine patterns in sustainability disclosure. Results show that only 47.5% of organizations include environmental justice indicators, and just 25.8% track impacts on marginalized groups. Strong correlations were found between justice-oriented reporting and stakeholder inclusion (r = 0.61), as well as with conflict sensitivity (r = 0.58). Additionally, sustainability reporting was positively correlated with community trust (r = 0.63) and negatively with conflict frequency (r = 0.56). These findings support the need for a new sustainability accounting model that includes peacebuilding and equity metrics. The study recommends expanding reporting frameworks, training accounting professionals, and mandating justice-focused disclosures to enhance corporate accountability and social stability.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sustainability Accounting
  topic: keywords
subject: Environmental Justice
  topic: keywords
subject: Peacebuilding
  topic: keywords
subject: Stakeholder Inclusion
  topic: keywords
subject: Corporate Accountability
  topic: keywords
subject: Conflict Sensitivity
  topic: keywords
creator: AKINLADE Olayinka Odunayo*
creator: ODEWOLE Olabisi Bolarinwa
creator: AKINADE Simeon Adebisi
creator: NURUDEEN Abdulfatai Olarenwaju
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-08-21
publication date: 2025-08-21
starting page: 19
ending page: 27

Enhancing SDG-4 Outcomes through Vocational Education in Sikkim
type: item
description: The situation in the Indian state of Sikkim illustrates the changes in the practices and policies of vocational and technical education due to the fourth sustainable development goal (SDG4) which focuses on education in all its forms and dimensions. Through the utilization of secondary data, government documentation, and regional reports from NITI Aayog, this research aims to explore the influence of vocational policies and the NEP 2020 on the evolving education landscape of Sikkim. This research attempts to develop a hypothesis which requires that investments into skill development at different stages in the education paradigm increases the qualitative and quantitative standards of employment, thus shifting the norm from traditional to self-employment. This research targets the transformation in Sikkim’s institutions, its youth, and its governance in pursuit of fulfilling SDG 4 through education and skill training. Preliminary data illustrates the use of NSQF modules and ‘bagless days’ that are integrated into primary education, livelihood schools, and skill-based work exposure, which are aimed at raising the certification, employment and entrepreneurship levels in NEP 2020, PMKVY, Atmanirbhar Bharat.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sikkim Vocational Education
  topic: keywords
subject: SDG-4
  topic: keywords
subject: NEP 2020
  topic: keywords
subject: Sikkim
  topic: keywords
subject: Skill Development.
  topic: keywords
creator: Ram Prasad Nepal*
creator: Pradip Kumar Das
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-08-16
publication date: 2025-08-16
starting page: 14
ending page: 18

A STUDY ON ADAPTIVE STRATEGIES OF DUCK FARMERS IN RESPONSE TO WEATHER -INDUCED FLOOD VARIABILITY IN KERALA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ALAPPUZHA DISTRICT
type: item
description: Duck farming is a vital livelihood activity in Alappuzha district, Kerala, where the unique ecosystem of backwaters and paddy fields and inherent nature of geography support large-scale production. However, recurrent floods are a threat to the productivity of the sector and the growth of the market supply chains. This study examines the adaptive strategies adopted by duck farmers to cope with flood-induced weather variability. The primary data was collected from 100 randomly selected farmers, and the secondary data was collected from government reports and academic studies. The results of the study show that even though most of the farmers adopt traditional methods to cope with the effects of flood-induced weather variability in the study area, comprehensive policy measures from the part of the government are essential to ensure the productivity and sustainability of the sector.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Duck Farming
  topic: keywords
subject: Duck Farmers
  topic: keywords
subject: Floods
  topic: keywords
subject: Flood-Induced Weather Variability
  topic: keywords
subject: Weather Variability.
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Shoja Rani B. N*
creator: Merin George
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-08-16
publication date: 2025-08-16
starting page: 11
ending page: 13

The Role of Readiness to Change as a Mediator in the Relationship between Employee Performance, Digitization, and Self-Efficacy
type: item
description: Purpose: This study investigates the mediating role of readiness to change in the relationship between employee performance and two key antecedents’ digitalization and self-efficacy within the aviation industry. Drawing on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Social Cognitive Theory, it offers an integrated theoretical framework to explain how technological transformation and individual capability jointly enhance performance. Methodology/approach: A quantitative, census-based survey was conducted among all 116 staff members of the Airnav Yogyakarta Branch. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares (PLS) within the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) framework. Results/findings: Results show that both digitalization and self-efficacy significantly improve employee performance, directly and indirectly through readiness to change. Furthermore, these two factors positively influence readiness to change, underscoring its pivotal role in navigating digital transformation. Limitations: The findings provide actionable guidance for aviation leaders in designing training programs and change management strategies that strengthen self-efficacy and digital readiness, thereby accelerating adaptation in technology-driven operational contexts. Contribution: This study expands the literature on organizational change by validating readiness to change as a mediator in the aviation sector an industry underrepresented in existing research. By integrating TAM and Social Cognitive Theory, it deepens the understanding of the interplay between technology adoption, psychological readiness, and performance outcomes. Novelty: Unlike prior studies in general corporate settings, this research offers sector-specific evidence from a high-regulation, technology-intensive environment, delivering both theoretical advancement and practical insight.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Readiness to change
  topic: keywords
subject: Digitalisation
  topic: keywords
subject: Self-efficacy
  topic: keywords
subject: Employee Performance
  topic: keywords
creator: Pradita Ardiantantra*
creator: Majang Palupi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-08-16
publication date: 2025-08-16
starting page: 1
ending page: 10

DETERMINANTS OF DISCLOSURE INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL (STUDY ON TELECOMMUNICATION COMPANIES LISTED ON THE IDX IN 2018-2022)
type: item
description: This study aims to test and analyse the effect of intellectual capita performance, institutional ownership, independent commissioner, risk and leverage on intellectual disclosure. The samples in this study were 9 Telecommunication companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange with annual report data from 2018 - 2022. The data was processed with multiple regression regression analysis using SPSS version 25. The results of this study indicate that the overall level of disclosure of intellectual capital of telecommunications companies is quite high, which is above 70%. The findings in this study are that independent commissioners and risk have a positive effect on intellectual capital disclosure, while institutional ownership is found to have a negative effect on intellectual capital disclosure. This study also found that intellectual capital performance and leverage have no effect on intellectual capital disclosure).
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Intellectual capital performance
  topic: keywords
subject: intellectual capital disclosure
  topic: keywords
subject: independent commissioner
  topic: keywords
subject: risk and leverage.
  topic: keywords
creator: Yulia*
creator: Wahyudin Nor
creator: Achmad Suhaili
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-07-28
publication date: 2025-07-28
starting page: 43
ending page: 50

GREEN FINANCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING: EMPIRICAL INSIGHTS FROM SUSTAINABLE BANKING PRATICES
type: item
description: This study investigates the relationship between green finance and environmental accounting, using empirical data from sustainable banking practices in Nigeria. In recent years, the pressure to align financial services with environmental sustainability has intensified, prompting banks to adopt green finance tools such as green bonds, ESG loans, and renewable energy funding. However, the extent to which these practices are supported by robust environmental accounting systems remains understudied, especially in emerging economies. This research adopts a quantitative approach, surveying 110 banking professionals across various institutions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and linear regression analysis. The results reveal a high level of awareness of green finance among respondents, with a mean score of 3.77 (Agree) and a standard deviation of 1.08. A strong and statistically significant correlation was found between green finance and environmental accounting (r = 0.712, p < 0.01), indicating a positive linear relationship. Furthermore, regression analysis shows that green finance significantly predicts environmental accounting practices (β = 0.712, t = 10.52, p = 0.000), accounting for 50.7% of the variance (R² = 0.507). These findings suggest that green financial practices are a strong driver of transparency, impact reporting, and sustainability performance in banks. The study suggests that regulatory authorities should mandate environmental accounting as a prerequisite for green finance participation and promote capacity-building initiatives within banks to embed sustainability practices into their operations. The integration of green finance and environmental accounting not only strengthens corporate accountability but also supports Nigeria’s commitment to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Green Finance
  topic: keywords
subject: Environmental Accounting
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable Banking
  topic: keywords
subject: Corporate Accountability
  topic: keywords
subject: Nigeria
  topic: keywords
creator: AKINLADE Olayinka Odunayo (Ph.D)*
creator: OLUGBADE Julius Ade (Ph.D)
creator: ADEMOROTI Matilda Olubunmi
creator: ALI Eniola Tosin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-07-25
publication date: 2025-07-25
starting page: 35
ending page: 42

Human Capital and Income Growth in East Asia
type: item
description: We examine the effect of human capital on income growth using data for East Asia. The World Bank website provides data on education expenditures and school enrollments per year, which are flow variables. We supplement the data with information from each country’s websites and estimate the impact of stock of human capital using a method based on the conventional production function. The results show that the effects of human capital on per capita income growth for the period 2000-2012 are higher than those of period 2012-2024. We also find that the effects are very different for individual economies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Human capital
  topic: keywords
subject: income
  topic: keywords
subject: East Asia.
  topic: keywords
creator: Tam Bang Vu*
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-07-28
publication date: 2025-07-28
starting page: 31
ending page: 34

Franchise or Famine: Exploring Franchising as a Side-Hustle Strategy for Salary Earners in Economically Strained Labour Markets
type: item
description: As wage stagnation and inflation erode the economic security of salaried professionals in developing economies, structured side-hustles like franchising are emerging as viable income diversification tools. This study critically explores franchising as a hybrid entrepreneurship strategy for full-time employees, reframing it from a corporate expansion model into a welfare-enhancing economic intervention. Anchored in Push–Pull Theory, the Resource-Based View, and Hybrid Entrepreneurship Framework, the research applies a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design to examine how franchising mediates the tension between formal employment and entrepreneurial aspiration. Quantitative data from 320 salary earners across Lagos, Abuja, and Port Harcourt reveal that salary inadequacy (β = 0.46, p < 0.001), entrepreneurial motivation (β = 0.39), and time flexibility (β = 0.22) significantly predict interest in franchising. Franchise accessibility—measured through affordability, brand awareness, and training availability—emerged as a critical mediator. Qualitative insights from 25 franchisees and franchisors further underscore franchising’s appeal as a “controlled entrepreneurship” model, contrasting its structure and support systems with the volatility of informal gigs. However, systemic barriers such as prohibitive fees, limited awareness, and low policy support remain significant obstacles. The findings position franchising as a middle-ground pathway—balancing stability and autonomy—for professionals navigating economic precarity. The study advocates for subsidized micro-franchise programs, targeted HR inclusion strategies, and franchise literacy campaigns as policy imperatives. By democratizing access to structured entrepreneurship, franchising can evolve into a scalable national strategy for inclusive income resilience. In a labour market increasingly defined by survivalism, the choice for professionals may indeed be stark: franchise—or famine.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Franchising
  topic: keywords
subject: Side-Hustle Economy
  topic: keywords
subject: Salaried Professionals
  topic: keywords
subject: Hybrid Entrepreneurship
  topic: keywords
subject: Economic Empowerment
  topic: keywords
subject: Micro-Franchise Models.
  topic: keywords
creator: Oluwafemi Dele Anifowose*
creator: William Omodara Alabi
creator: Funmilayo Damilola Anifowose
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-07-15
publication date: 2025-07-15
starting page: 15
ending page: 30

Development through Women Empowerment: A Study of Kasaragod District in Kerala
type: item
description: Women empowerment is a vital component of inclusive and sustainable development. This study explores the relationship between women empowerment and socio-economic development in the Kasaragod district of Kerala, a region marked by cultural diversity and developmental disparities. By analyzing data from local self-governments, women’s self-help groups, and community development initiatives, the study assesses the role of education, economic participation, and political representation in advancing the status of women. The findings indicate that targeted empowerment programs—particularly those facilitated by Kudumbashree and other grassroots organizations—have significantly enhanced women’s agency, income levels, and decision-making capacity. Despite these advancements, challenges such as gender-based violence, wage inequality, and limited access to higher leadership roles persist. The paper concludes that a multidimensional approach to empowerment, integrating social, economic, and political strategies, is essential for the holistic development of Kasaragod and similar regions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Women Empowerment
  topic: keywords
subject: Socio-economic Development
  topic: keywords
subject: Kasaragod District
  topic: keywords
subject: Gender Equality
  topic: keywords
subject: Kudumbashree
  topic: keywords
subject: Grassroots Development
  topic: keywords
creator: Mishria
creator: Dr V. Basil Hans*
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-07-15
publication date: 2025-07-15
starting page: 1
ending page: 14