World Journal of Economics, Business and Management
World Journal of Economics, Business, and Management, ISSN: 3049-2181 (Online) is a premier, peer-reviewed, open-access journal that was founded in 2024 by WASR Publication. The journal aims to serve as a leading platform for researchers, academicians, and practitioners in the fields of economics, business, and management to disseminate high-quality, original research. WJEBM is committed to promoting the exchange of ideas and knowledge, fostering academic and professional excellence, and contributing to the advancement of these disciplines.
Entrepreneurial Leadership and Innovative Work Behavior: The Role of Employee Entrepreneurial Passion
Innovation is a gateway to survival, growth, and success for modern organizations. Employees’ fundamental contribution to organizational innovation is well documented. Stimulating the creativity and innovativeness of employees is thus an essential objective of many leaders. However, not all leaders would be effective in this endeavor, and not under all circumstances. We investigate the relationship between perceived entrepreneurial leadership and innovative work behavior of IT employees. We draw on social cognitive theory to explain this relationship. Our model theorizes that perceived entrepreneurial leadership would enhance employees' innovative behavior directly and indirectly through their entrepreneurial passion. We empirically test our theory using structural equation modeling based on data collected from 446 employees using an online survey. The results validate our model. Our findings offer new, important theoretical insights and useful managerial implications .
THE IMPACT OF MANDATORY AGE-BASED RETIREMENT OF QUALIFIED AND EXPERIENCED PERSONNEL ON STRATEGIC EFFICIENCY IN FOREIGN POLICY
This study examines the effects of mandatory age-based retirement on strategic efficiency in foreign policy from an interdisciplinary perspective. The research presents an original conceptual framework positioned at the intersection of public administration, organizational behavior, international relations, and aging studies literatures. The central argument contends that automatic retirement mechanisms based on chronological age produce multidimensional adverse effects on strategic efficiency through institutional memory loss, diminished experience density, disruption of intergenerational knowledge transfer, and weakened inter-institutional coordination capacity. The research demonstrates that these effects are amplified particularly in the foreign policy domain through a "multiplier effect" mechanism, as foreign policy decisions are made under conditions of high uncertainty, multi-actor complexity, and elevated error costs. Employing comparative policy analysis and thematic content analysis methods, the study proposes a health-based flexible retirement model grounded in the scientific consensus that chronological age alone is not a reliable indicator of performance. This model envisions qualified and experienced personnel continuing in their positions without restrictions until age 75; undergoing biennial health board evaluations between ages 75-81; and annual evaluations thereafter. Research findings indicate that the proposed model could generate positive effects on decision quality, institutional continuity, intergenerational complementarity, and strategic foresight capacity. The study frames the reconsideration of mandatory retirement age not as a short-term personnel arrangement but as a long-term institutional investment that strengthens national strategic capacity.
The Role of Hedonistic Conformity, Social Pressure, and Loan Self-Control on PayLater Usage Behavior among University Students
The rapid growth of Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL) services such as Shopee PayLater, GoPayLater, and OVO PayLater has transformed young consumers’ financial behavior in Indonesia. While these services increase access to financial products, they also pose a risk of impulsive credit use among university students. This study investigates the influence of hedonistic conformity and social pressure on PayLater usage behavior, introducing loan self-control a construct first conceptualized by <!-- [if supportFields]>ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.5267/j.ac.2024.2.001","abstract":"Loan Self Control (LSC) can be defined as the ability of self-control related to behavioral control, cognitive control, and decisional control in managing loans or debts for financial welfare. The study aims to determine the factors of loan self-control in Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR) banking customers of Micro Small Medium Enterprise (MSMEs) in Indonesia so that they can obtain three-time financing from banks. This study used 87 samples collected by purposive sampling technique. Primary data was collected using an online survey. Factor analysis formed 3 loan self-control factors, namely Behavioral control, Cognitive control and decisional control from 14 indicators tested.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Elliyana","given":"Ela","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Widyastuti","given":"Umi","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Buchdadi","given":"Agung Dharmawan","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Rabie","given":"Ahmed Benyahia","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Accounting","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2024"]]},"page":"49-54","title":"Determinants of loan self control: Customer case “Kredit Usaha Rakyat” of Indonesia","type":"article-journal","volume":"10"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=8ce7b2f6-75da-4410-94f0-c45d63c7dd21"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Elliyana, Widyastuti, et al., 2024)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Elliyana, Widyastuti, et al., 2024)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Elliyana, Widyastuti, et al., 2024)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}<![endif]-->(Elliyana, Widyastuti, et al., 2024)<!-- [if supportFields]><![endif]--> as a moderating variable that reflects individuals’ ability to regulate their borrowing behavior. Using a quantitative explanatory design, data were collected from 340 university students who are active PayLater users. Analysis was conducted using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings reveal that both hedonistic conformity and social pressure have significant positive effects on PayLater usage behavior, while loan self-control has a significant negative effect. Moreover, loan self-control moderates the relationships between social and hedonistic influences and PayLater behavior, weakening the impact of social conformity on impulsive financial decisions. These results emphasize that financial behavior among young adults is not only shaped by financial knowledge but also by psychological self-regulation. The integration of loan self-control into the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) framework offers a novel behavioral lens for understanding digital credit consumption in emerging economies.
Empowerment through Entrepreneurship: A Qualitative study of women Artisan Entrepreneurial Ecosystem & their contribution towards economic and social development in the state of Sikkim & North Bengal Regions
Entrepreneurship is universally considered a major force driving the progress of modern society. Entrepreneurs bring forth new ideas and solutions that constitute the very crux of enterprise development and economic growth creation. In the context of a developing nation like ours, North Eastern India, the empowerment of women entrepreneurs has become a core approach towards achieving sustainable development. The current study explores the evolving scenario of women artisan entrepreneurship, especially the determinants of its expansion. It seeks to understand the issues facing women in the entrepreneurial setup of Sikkim & North Bengal regions and their significant contribution to the same. The emergence of women artisan entrepreneurs not only adds to the economic independence of women but also enhances and fosters their exclusive capabilities, securing their livelihood and creating societal development. In responding to the main challenges facing women entrepreneurs, the current study seeks to sensitise policymakers and instill fresh initiative in this regard. Through the study of a few carefully selected case studies, the study focuses on the experiences, achievements, issues, and societal implications pertaining to women artisan entrepreneurs.
Digital Transformation in Indian Banking: Opportunities and Challenges
The Indian banking sector is undergoing a profound digital transformation driven by innovations such as mobile banking, digital wallets, the Unified Payments Interface (UPI), and biometric-based authentication. This paper explores the scale, opportunities, and challenges of this transformation, using secondary data from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), and international industry reports. Evidence shows that UPI transactions surpassed 1.38 billion per month by mid-2024, positioning India as the world leader in real-time digital payments. Digital banking has expanded financial inclusion, reduced transaction costs, and fostered fintech-led innovation. However, the rise in cyber frauds, the persistence of a rural-urban digital divide, and regulatory concerns around data governance present significant risks. The study highlights that while digital banking enhances efficiency and accessibility, sustainable growth requires robust cybersecurity frameworks, inclusive digital literacy initiatives, and strengthened regulatory oversight. By analysing current trends and challenges, the paper provides policy suggestions for securing India’s position as a global leader in digital finance.
Rainwater harvesting has been essential throughout history, from primitive techniques to modern ones. Rainwater harvesting began in ancient cultures like the Indus Valley, Roman Empire, and Mesopotamia using rudimentary catchment and storage technologies. It then discusses modern water scarcity solutions using improved filtration, storage, and delivery systems. The paper shows how combining ancient wisdom and modern advancements can provide sustainable water management solutions.
Accounting for Peace and Environmental Justice: Toward a Multi-Dimensional Sustainability Model
This study investigates how peace and environmental justice can be integrated into sustainability accounting to create a multi-dimensional reporting model. Using a quantitative survey of 120 professionals across corporate, governmental, and non-profit sectors in sub-Saharan Africa, data were analyzed with SPSS to examine patterns in sustainability disclosure. Results show that only 47.5% of organizations include environmental justice indicators, and just 25.8% track impacts on marginalized groups. Strong correlations were found between justice-oriented reporting and stakeholder inclusion (r = 0.61), as well as with conflict sensitivity (r = 0.58). Additionally, sustainability reporting was positively correlated with community trust (r = 0.63) and negatively with conflict frequency (r = 0.56). These findings support the need for a new sustainability accounting model that includes peacebuilding and equity metrics. The study recommends expanding reporting frameworks, training accounting professionals, and mandating justice-focused disclosures to enhance corporate accountability and social stability.
Enhancing SDG-4 Outcomes through Vocational Education in Sikkim
The situation in the Indian state of Sikkim illustrates the changes in the practices and policies of vocational and technical education due to the fourth sustainable development goal (SDG4) which focuses on education in all its forms and dimensions. Through the utilization of secondary data, government documentation, and regional reports from NITI Aayog, this research aims to explore the influence of vocational policies and the NEP 2020 on the evolving education landscape of Sikkim. This research attempts to develop a hypothesis which requires that investments into skill development at different stages in the education paradigm increases the qualitative and quantitative standards of employment, thus shifting the norm from traditional to self-employment. This research targets the transformation in Sikkim’s institutions, its youth, and its governance in pursuit of fulfilling SDG 4 through education and skill training. Preliminary data illustrates the use of NSQF modules and ‘bagless days’ that are integrated into primary education, livelihood schools, and skill-based work exposure, which are aimed at raising the certification, employment and entrepreneurship levels in NEP 2020, PMKVY, Atmanirbhar Bharat.
A STUDY ON ADAPTIVE STRATEGIES OF DUCK FARMERS IN RESPONSE TO WEATHER -INDUCED FLOOD VARIABILITY IN KERALA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ALAPPUZHA DISTRICT
Duck farming is a vital livelihood activity in Alappuzha district, Kerala, where the unique ecosystem of backwaters and paddy fields and inherent nature of geography support large-scale production. However, recurrent floods are a threat to the productivity of the sector and the growth of the market supply chains. This study examines the adaptive strategies adopted by duck farmers to cope with flood-induced weather variability. The primary data was collected from 100 randomly selected farmers, and the secondary data was collected from government reports and academic studies. The results of the study show that even though most of the farmers adopt traditional methods to cope with the effects of flood-induced weather variability in the study area, comprehensive policy measures from the part of the government are essential to ensure the productivity and sustainability of the sector.
The Role of Readiness to Change as a Mediator in the Relationship between Employee Performance, Digitization, and Self-Efficacy
Purpose: This study investigates the mediating role of readiness to change in the relationship between employee performance and two key antecedents’ digitalization and self-efficacy within the aviation industry. Drawing on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Social Cognitive Theory, it offers an integrated theoretical framework to explain how technological transformation and individual capability jointly enhance performance. Methodology/approach: A quantitative, census-based survey was conducted among all 116 staff members of the Airnav Yogyakarta Branch. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares (PLS) within the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) framework. Results/findings: Results show that both digitalization and self-efficacy significantly improve employee performance, directly and indirectly through readiness to change. Furthermore, these two factors positively influence readiness to change, underscoring its pivotal role in navigating digital transformation. Limitations: The findings provide actionable guidance for aviation leaders in designing training programs and change management strategies that strengthen self-efficacy and digital readiness, thereby accelerating adaptation in technology-driven operational contexts. Contribution: This study expands the literature on organizational change by validating readiness to change as a mediator in the aviation sector an industry underrepresented in existing research. By integrating TAM and Social Cognitive Theory, it deepens the understanding of the interplay between technology adoption, psychological readiness, and performance outcomes. Novelty: Unlike prior studies in general corporate settings, this research offers sector-specific evidence from a high-regulation, technology-intensive environment, delivering both theoretical advancement and practical insight.
DETERMINANTS OF DISCLOSURE INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL (STUDY ON TELECOMMUNICATION COMPANIES LISTED ON THE IDX IN 2018-2022)
This study aims to test and analyse the effect of intellectual capita performance, institutional ownership, independent commissioner, risk and leverage on intellectual disclosure. The samples in this study were 9 Telecommunication companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange with annual report data from 2018 - 2022. The data was processed with multiple regression regression analysis using SPSS version 25. The results of this study indicate that the overall level of disclosure of intellectual capital of telecommunications companies is quite high, which is above 70%. The findings in this study are that independent commissioners and risk have a positive effect on intellectual capital disclosure, while institutional ownership is found to have a negative effect on intellectual capital disclosure. This study also found that intellectual capital performance and leverage have no effect on intellectual capital disclosure).
GREEN FINANCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING: EMPIRICAL INSIGHTS FROM SUSTAINABLE BANKING PRATICES
This study investigates the relationship between green finance and environmental accounting, using empirical data from sustainable banking practices in Nigeria. In recent years, the pressure to align financial services with environmental sustainability has intensified, prompting banks to adopt green finance tools such as green bonds, ESG loans, and renewable energy funding. However, the extent to which these practices are supported by robust environmental accounting systems remains understudied, especially in emerging economies. This research adopts a quantitative approach, surveying 110 banking professionals across various institutions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and linear regression analysis. The results reveal a high level of awareness of green finance among respondents, with a mean score of 3.77 (Agree) and a standard deviation of 1.08. A strong and statistically significant correlation was found between green finance and environmental accounting (r = 0.712, p < 0.01), indicating a positive linear relationship. Furthermore, regression analysis shows that green finance significantly predicts environmental accounting practices (β = 0.712, t = 10.52, p = 0.000), accounting for 50.7% of the variance (R² = 0.507). These findings suggest that green financial practices are a strong driver of transparency, impact reporting, and sustainability performance in banks. The study suggests that regulatory authorities should mandate environmental accounting as a prerequisite for green finance participation and promote capacity-building initiatives within banks to embed sustainability practices into their operations. The integration of green finance and environmental accounting not only strengthens corporate accountability but also supports Nigeria’s commitment to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Human Capital and Income Growth in East Asia
We examine the effect of human capital on income growth using data for East Asia. The World Bank website provides data on education expenditures and school enrollments per year, which are flow variables. We supplement the data with information from each country’s websites and estimate the impact of stock of human capital using a method based on the conventional production function. The results show that the effects of human capital on per capita income growth for the period 2000-2012 are higher than those of period 2012-2024. We also find that the effects are very different for individual economies.
Franchise or Famine: Exploring Franchising as a Side-Hustle Strategy for Salary Earners in Economically Strained Labour Markets
As wage stagnation and inflation erode the economic security of salaried professionals in developing economies, structured side-hustles like franchising are emerging as viable income diversification tools. This study critically explores franchising as a hybrid entrepreneurship strategy for full-time employees, reframing it from a corporate expansion model into a welfare-enhancing economic intervention. Anchored in Push–Pull Theory, the Resource-Based View, and Hybrid Entrepreneurship Framework, the research applies a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design to examine how franchising mediates the tension between formal employment and entrepreneurial aspiration. Quantitative data from 320 salary earners across Lagos, Abuja, and Port Harcourt reveal that salary inadequacy (β = 0.46, p < 0.001), entrepreneurial motivation (β = 0.39), and time flexibility (β = 0.22) significantly predict interest in franchising. Franchise accessibility—measured through affordability, brand awareness, and training availability—emerged as a critical mediator. Qualitative insights from 25 franchisees and franchisors further underscore franchising’s appeal as a “controlled entrepreneurship” model, contrasting its structure and support systems with the volatility of informal gigs. However, systemic barriers such as prohibitive fees, limited awareness, and low policy support remain significant obstacles. The findings position franchising as a middle-ground pathway—balancing stability and autonomy—for professionals navigating economic precarity. The study advocates for subsidized micro-franchise programs, targeted HR inclusion strategies, and franchise literacy campaigns as policy imperatives. By democratizing access to structured entrepreneurship, franchising can evolve into a scalable national strategy for inclusive income resilience. In a labour market increasingly defined by survivalism, the choice for professionals may indeed be stark: franchise—or famine.
Development through Women Empowerment: A Study of Kasaragod District in Kerala
Women empowerment is a vital component of inclusive and sustainable development. This study explores the relationship between women empowerment and socio-economic development in the Kasaragod district of Kerala, a region marked by cultural diversity and developmental disparities. By analyzing data from local self-governments, women’s self-help groups, and community development initiatives, the study assesses the role of education, economic participation, and political representation in advancing the status of women. The findings indicate that targeted empowerment programs—particularly those facilitated by Kudumbashree and other grassroots organizations—have significantly enhanced women’s agency, income levels, and decision-making capacity. Despite these advancements, challenges such as gender-based violence, wage inequality, and limited access to higher leadership roles persist. The paper concludes that a multidimensional approach to empowerment, integrating social, economic, and political strategies, is essential for the holistic development of Kasaragod and similar regions.
Artificial Intelligence in India: its growth, projects, and future
AI is becoming a powerful force in India that is changing industries, government, and everyday life. This article looks at how AI has changed in India over time, from early research projects to the use of cutting-edge technologies in all areas of life. It looks at important government and business sector projects, like NITI Aayog's National Strategy for AI, the creation of Centres of Excellence, and policy frameworks that focus on AI. The article also talks about India's expanding AI ecosystem, which includes businesses, university research, and partnerships with other countries. Finally, it talks about the future of AI in India, looking at chances in healthcare, farming, education, and smart governance, as well as problems with ethics, data protection, and skill development. The article ends by stressing the importance of a balanced and open-minded approach to using AI to promote fair and long-term progress in India.
Assertive Communication as a Key Factor in Social Entrepreneurship
This study presents a descriptive investigation based on the analysis and synthesis of scientific literature on assertive communication and social entrepreneurship, aiming to identify assertive communication as a key and fundamental element of the social entrepreneur. A bibliographic review was carried out, consisting of scientific articles published between 2019 and 2024, indexed in Google Scholar in both English and Spanish. However, no specific studies were found that directly address the relationship between assertive communication and social entrepreneurship, revealing a gap in research focused on this communication skill among social entrepreneurs, despite their extensive interaction with affected communities and investors.
Strategic resilience has become an important idea in organisational theory and practice during a time of uncertainty, turbulence, and rapid change. This article looks at the two sides of strategic resilience and asks if it is a good thing that makes companies more adaptable and gives them a competitive edge, or a bad thing that makes them less flexible and wastes resources. Using case studies from different fields, the essay looks at how companies understand and use resilience tactics, the trade-offs that come with them, and the aspects in their environment that affect whether they succeed or fail. It also talks about the conflict between being flexible in the short term and being ready for the long term. It gives leaders a sophisticated framework to help them deal with resilience as both a strategic need and a possible strategic trap. The essay ends by suggesting ways to build resilience that is both strong and flexible, so you don't make the mistakes of overinvesting or not aligning your goals.
The Panchayath Raj System's role in the development of rural areas in the Haveri District's Ranebennur Taluk
The Panchayati Raj system is very important for rural development all over India. In the instance of Ranebennur Taluk in Haveri District, Karnataka, it has been very helpful in making governance and development happen at the local level. The Panchayath Raj system is very important for making government less centralised and helping rural areas grow in India. This study looks at how well the Panchayath Raj Institutions (PRIs) work and what they do for rural development in the Ranebennur Taluk of Haveri District, Karnataka. The study looks at how local governments deal with problems including building infrastructure, providing education, health care, sanitation, and creating jobs. We got the information by doing field surveys, talking to Panchayath members, and looking at government data. The results show that the Panchayath Raj system has helped a lot with planning and carrying out many welfare programs, but problems like not enough money, not enough administrative capacity, and political meddling are still there. At the end of the study, there are suggestions for how to make local government stronger and more open so that more people can take part in it. This will help PRIs do a better job of promoting sustainable rural development.
A Systematic Literature Review on Personal Financial Management Practices: Budgeting, Investment, Debt, and Saving
Personal Financial Management (PFM) encompasses the practices of budgeting, saving, investing, and debt handling that directly influence individual financial well-being. This systematic literature review synthesizes findings from 47 peer-reviewed studies published between 2018 and 2024 across multiple countries and populations. The review highlights that financial literacy plays a pivotal role in enhancing individual financial behaviors, particularly in fostering saving habits, responsible investment choices, and effective debt management. Digital financial tools such as mobile banking and budgeting apps also emerge as significant enablers of financial discipline, especially among youth and urban consumers. However, behavioral and social factors such as peer influence, impulsivity, and media exposure continue to challenge the efficacy of financial education. The study underscores the importance of integrating financial literacy into educational curricula and leveraging digital innovations to enhance individual autonomy in managing personal finances. Overall, PFM is a multidimensional construct influenced by socio-economic, psychological, technological, and institutional factors that demand an interdisciplinary response in both policy and academic discourse.
Social Media Marketing and Brand Performance: A Strategic Analysis
Social Media Marketing (SMM) has become one of the most influential drivers of brand performance in the digital era. Unlike traditional marketing channels, social media platforms enable real-time communication, personalized engagement, and data-driven targeting that significantly shape consumer perceptions and brand value. This research article investigates the relationship between social media marketing strategies and brand performance. Drawing upon theoretical frameworks, case studies, and empirical evidence, the study analyzes how social media enhances brand awareness, brand image, customer loyalty, and overall market competitiveness. Findings suggest that SMM, when strategically aligned with organizational goals, serves as a catalyst for improved customer engagement, brand differentiation, and profitability. However, challenges such as information overload, negative eWOM (electronic word of mouth), and ethical concerns remain critical barriers to maximizing its potential.
Social Media Marketing (SMM), brand performance, digital engagement, electronic word of mouth (eWOM), customer loyalty, brand awareness, consumer behavior, digital branding.
Generality of Technical and Vocational Training Program (TVET) in All Professions
Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) is increasingly recognized as a critical component for bridging theoretical knowledge and practical skills across diverse professional fields. This study investigates the universal relevance of TVET by examining its integration and impact within ten distinct professions, including medicine, mechanical engineering, accounting, agriculture, law enforcement, architecture, information technology, renewable energy, hospitality, and education. Through a comprehensive secondary data analysis of academic literature and industry reports from 2019 to 2023, the research identifies that TVET enhances professional competencies by embedding experiential and competency-based learning approaches. Fields such as medicine and engineering notably incorporate simulation and project-based training, which contribute to improved workforce readiness and reduced skill gaps. Despite these benefits, challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, limited collaboration with industry stakeholders, and persistent academic biases impede TVET’s broader acceptance. The study highlights the need for strategic policy reforms and stronger cross-sector partnerships to promote TVET as an indispensable element of professional education, ultimately supporting workforce development in the context of rapid technological and economic change.
Effectiveness of Green Marketing on Consumer Loyalty
This study explores the impact of green marketing strategies on consumer loyalty, examining the extent to which environmentally responsible branding influences customer retention and advocacy. With increasing environmental awareness among consumers, businesses are leveraging green marketing to differentiate themselves and build stronger emotional connections with their target audiences. Through a mixed-methods approach, including surveys and case studies, this research investigates how green marketing initiatives—such as eco-friendly packaging, sustainable sourcing, and transparent environmental claims—affect consumer perceptions, trust, and long-term brand loyalty. The findings indicate a positive correlation between the authenticity of green marketing efforts and consumer loyalty, particularly among environmentally conscious demographic segments. The study concludes that while green marketing can be a powerful driver of loyalty, its effectiveness hinges on perceived credibility and the alignment between a company’s environmental claims and its actual practices.
Cross-Cultural Differences in Consumer Perceptions of Luxury Product Values: A Mixed-Method Analysis
The study aimed to investigate the cross-cultural differences in how consumers perceive luxury products and to understand the underlying reasons for these perceptions. To achieve this goal, both quantitative and qualitative methods were employed to explore Hofstede’s four distinct cultural dimensions and examine four types of luxury value: functional, individual, social, and financial value. A survey conducted using social media questionnaires asked 100 consumers in Mongolia and 107 consumers in Taiwan about their knowledge and perception of the value of luxury goods. This mixed-method analysis led to several conclusions regarding the perceptions of luxury product values across the two cultures.
Artificial Intelligence in Business Decision-Making: Unlocking Potential, Overcoming Challenges, and Shaping the Future
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly becoming a central tool in business decision-making, enabling companies to enhance operational efficiency and make data-driven choices. This paper explores the transformative role of AI in business, particularly in automating decision-making processes and optimizing outcomes across key business functions such as marketing, finance, supply chain, and human resources. By leveraging AI technologies such as machine learning algorithms, data analytics, and predictive tools, businesses can make faster, more accurate, and insightful decisions. However, the integration of AI brings forth challenges such as data privacy concerns, ethical dilemmas, and the risk of algorithmic bias. This paper also delves into real-world examples of AI applications in business and discusses the necessary precautions to mitigate risks while ensuring optimal utilization. Lastly, the paper highlights the future of AI in business decision-making, offering guidance for organizations aiming to adopt AI technologies to achieve strategic goals.
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Security and Risk Management: A Comprehensive Review
Security and risk management have become crucial disciplines in safeguarding organizations against diverse threats, ranging from cyberattacks and data breaches to physical security risks and geopolitical uncertainties. Effective risk management involves identifying, assessing, and mitigating risks that could compromise the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of assets. This review article synthesizes existing literature, global standards, and best practices in security and risk management, focusing on methodologies, frameworks, challenges, and future directions. The study highlights the importance of integrating technological, organizational, and human factors in developing holistic risk management strategies.
Security management, risk assessment, cybersecurity, ISO 31000, risk mitigation, threat analysis, enterprise risk management, resilience.
Service Innovation and Management: Driving Competitiveness in the Knowledge Economy
Service innovation and management have become central to organizational competitiveness in today’s knowledge-based economy. Unlike traditional product innovation, service innovation emphasizes the development of new processes, delivery mechanisms, and customer experiences that enhance value creation. This paper explores the concept, theoretical foundations, strategies, and challenges of service innovation and management. By synthesizing existing literature and industry practices, it demonstrates how effective service innovation fosters customer satisfaction, operational efficiency, and sustainable growth. The study concludes by highlighting future trends in digital transformation, artificial intelligence, and co-creation as key enablers of service innovation.
Service innovation, service management, customer experience, value co-creation, digital transformation, business models, service quality.
Green Accounting: A Pathway to Sustainable Corporate Practices
Green accounting, also known as environmental accounting, has emerged as a strategic tool for measuring, managing, and reporting the environmental costs associated with business activities. As climate change, resource depletion, and sustainability reporting gain prominence globally, organizations are under increasing pressure to integrate environmental considerations into financial decision-making. This paper examines the concept of green accounting, its methodologies, global practices, challenges, and implications for corporate sustainability. The study highlights the relevance of green accounting for ensuring transparency, improving stakeholder trust, and aligning corporate operations with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Green accounting, environmental accounting, sustainability reporting, corporate social responsibility, natural capital, environmental costs, ESG.
Environmental Economics: Integrating Ecology into Economic Decision-Making
Environmental economics has emerged as a vital field in addressing the growing tension between economic growth and environmental sustainability. It provides frameworks for valuing natural resources, assessing environmental costs, and designing policies to internalize externalities such as pollution and climate change. This paper explores the theoretical foundations of environmental economics, key principles, global applications, challenges, and its role in achieving sustainable development. The study emphasizes that integrating environmental concerns into economic systems is essential to balance resource use, equity, and long-term growth.
Environmental economics, sustainability, natural resource management, externalities, carbon pricing, green growth, climate policy.
Financial Inclusion and Microfinance Loan Accessibility: Evaluating the Impact on Small Business Growth in Nigeria
This study investigates the relationship between financial inclusion and microfinance loan accessibility and their collective impact on the growth of small businesses in Nigeria. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a crucial role in the Nigerian economy, contributing significantly to employment generation and poverty reduction. However, these businesses face significant challenges in accessing financial resources, particularly microfinance loans, which are essential for their growth and sustainability. This research examines how increased financial inclusion, particularly through microfinance institutions, influences the growth prospects of small businesses in Nigeria. Using a mixed-methods approach, including surveys and interviews with small business owners, the study explores the barriers to accessing microfinance loans and evaluates the effectiveness of current policies aimed at promoting financial inclusion. The results showed that R = .835; R2 = .644; Adjusted R2 = .724 and P-Value of 0.0000. This mean that financial inclusion had influence on microfinance loan accessibility. The study recommends that Microfinance institutions should enhance their lending processes to reduce bureaucracy and collateral requirements that hinder many small business owners from accessing loans. Flexible loan terms, lower interest rates, and simplified documentation can improve accessibility, thus promoting business expansion.