World Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies
World Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies (ISSN: 3049-0855) is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal that was founded in 2024 by WASR Publication. The journal aims to serve as a leading platform for researchers, academicians, and practitioners in various multidisciplinary fields to disseminate high-quality, original research. WJMS is committed to promoting the exchange of ideas and knowledge, fostering academic and professional excellence, and contributing to the advancement of these diverse disciplines.
FOOTBALL AS A PHILOSOPHICAL PHENOMENON: MEANING, PLAY, AND HUMANITY PUT TO THE TEST AT THE AFRICA CUP OF NATIONS
Often relegated to the status of mere popular entertainment, football is nevertheless a philosophical subject in its own right, as a social practice, a physical experience, a symbolic phenomenon, and a space for the production of meaning. Using an approach based on the philosophy of sport, this article analyzes soccer as a total philosophical phenomenon, drawing on classical and contemporary references (Plato, Aristotle, Nietzsche, Camus, Bourdieu, Mbembe). The Africa Cup of Nations (CAN) will serve as an empirical and symbolic framework for examining the ethical, aesthetic, political, and identity dimensions of contemporary African soccer. The hypothesis put forward is that the CAN constitutes a privileged philosophical laboratory where the fundamental tensions of the human condition are revealed: freedom and rules, chance and merit, body and recognition, play and power.
ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING PRATICES AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF LISTED MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN NIGERIA
This study investigates the relationship between environmental cost disclosure, corporate social responsibility (CSR) expenditure, and financial performance of quoted manufacturing firms in Nigeria from 2019 to 2026. Using a quantitative research design, secondary data were obtained from company annual reports, sustainability disclosures, and financial statements. The study analyzed environmental costs, CSR expenditure, and the Environmental Disclosure Index (EDI) to assess their effect on profitability. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and panel regression analyses were applied to test the hypotheses. Findings indicate that manufacturing firms with higher environmental investments, such as Seplat and Total Energies, achieved improved EDI scores and enhanced profit margins. Correlation results reveal strong positive relationships between environmental costs and profitability (r = 0.78), CSR expenditure and sustainability disclosure (r = 0.84), and EDI and profit after tax (r = 0.81). Regression analysis further confirms that environmental cost disclosure, CSR expenditure, and EDI significantly predict profitability, suggesting that proactive environmental management aligns with corporate financial objectives. The study concludes that environmental cost disclosure and sustainability practices are strategic tools that enhance financial performance, stakeholder trust, and corporate accountability. These findings offer practical insights for managers, investors, and policymakers seeking to integrate sustainable practices into manufacturing operations.
Microbial Quality and Internal Spoilage Assessment of Persea americana (Avocado pear) Sold at Oba, and Ochanja Markets, in Anambra State, Nigeria.
Persea americana (Avocado pear) fruits are often lost postharvest due to microbial spoilage, with internal decay frequently remaining undetected until the fruit is cut. There is limited recent data, especially under local market conditions on the microbial contamination and internal spoilage status of avocados postharvest. This study evaluated the microbial quality and internal spoilage characteristics of Persea americana (avocado) fruits obtained from Oba and Ochanja markets in Anambra, Nigeria. A total of four (4) spoiled fruits were purchased from Oba and Ochanja markets and were transported in a sterile container, to the laboratory for microbial analysis. Standard microbiological methods were used to enumerate total viable counts (TVC), yeasts and molds. TVC were carried out using pour-plate technique. Detection of yeasts and moulds were carried using microscopic examination. Biochemical characteristics of the isolated organisms were determined using catalase, coagulase, oxidase, motility, sugar fermentation, indole, methyl red(MR), Voges proskuar and citrate tests. Results showed that total bacterial count ranged between1.1 ×103 and 4.7 × 104, with OBM 2 having the highest count, while OBM 1 had the least. Escherichi coli (E. coli ) spp and Salmonella spp were not detected in any of the samples. The total yeast count ranged between 1.1 × 103 and 3.5 × 102. The total mould count ranged between 3.2 x 102 and 4.7 × 104. Microorganisms isolated in this study include: Staphylococcus sp., Streptococci sp. Mucor sp., Saccharomyces sp. and Geotichum sp. Internal browning was the predominant defect. Firmness decreased significantly with increasing spoilage. Overall, the study shows that poor postharvest handling and sanitation in open markets contribute to elevated microbial contamination and high spoilage incidence in avocados. The results highlight the need for improved storage, reduced handling, and better hygienic practices along the supply chain to enhance fruit quality, extend shelf life, and reduce economic losses.
AI-powered generative frameworks for the rational design of synthetic genomes and next-generation cellular architectures
The engineering of synthetic genomes—complete or partial genome constructs designed de novo or heavily modified—represents a frontier in synthetic biology with vast potential for biotechnology, medicine, agriculture and basic science. However, traditional synthetic genome design remains highly labor-intensive, reliant on manual annotation, iterative assembly and trial‑and‑error testing of large sequence spaces. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers a transformative opportunity to augment and accelerate synthetic genome design by learning patterns of genomic architecture, regulatory logic and functional outcomes. In this paper, we explore the development of AI‑based methodologies for designing and engineering synthetic genomes. We propose a workflow integrating generative models (e.g., language‑model architectures trained on genome sequences), predictive deep learning for functional annotation, and optimization algorithms for minimal genome design, modular genome construction and error‑correction. To illustrate potential benefit, we present a hypothetical benchmarking study in which an AI‑augmented design workflow reduced design cycles by ~40 %, increased predicted functional genomic modules by ~30 %, and lowered predicted assembly error rate by ~25 % compared to manual design. Tabulated results highlight comparisons across methods. We discuss methodological elements including feature encoding (e.g., genomic motifs, regulatory elements, three‑dimensional chromatin structure), model architectures (transformer‑based sequence models, graph neural networks for genome assembly graphs), training/validation workflows, and deployment considerations (interpretability, biosafety, ethical oversight). Key challenges include limited training data for synthetic genomes, ensuring viability of AI‑designed genomes in living systems, and governance of biosecurity risks. Looking forward, we delineate future perspectives: foundation‑models for synthetic life, closed‑loop design‑build‑test‑learn pipelines with AI, and integration of synthetic genomes into programmable cellular factories. In conclusion, AI‑driven design and engineering of synthetic genomes provides a promising paradigm to accelerate synthetic biology, but must be advanced with rigorous experimental validation, robust modelling and responsible stewardship.
Trustworthy and Transparent AI for Genomic Discovery
Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly deep learning, has demonstrated remarkable ability to analyze genomic data, uncover patterns, predict disease associations, and infer regulatory mechanisms. Despite high predictive performance, these models often function as "black boxes," limiting interpretability and trust in biological insights derived from them. Developing methods to interpret AI models trained on genomic data is crucial for biological discovery, clinical translation, and ethical deployment. This paper explores approaches for interpretable AI in genomics, including feature attribution, saliency mapping, attention mechanisms, model distillation, and explainable graph-based models. We demonstrate a framework combining convolutional neural networks (CNNs), transformer-based architectures, and gradient-based attribution methods to identify genomic features that drive model predictions. A hypothetical benchmarking dataset evaluates interpretability techniques on tasks such as predicting gene expression, regulatory element activity, and variant pathogenicity. Results show that integrated interpretation pipelines enhance transparency by highlighting biologically meaningful motifs, regulatory regions, and variant effects, with tabulated comparisons of feature importance and predictive accuracy. We discuss challenges such as handling long genomic sequences, integrating multi-omic data, avoiding spurious correlations, and balancing model performance with interpretability. Future perspectives include development of standardized interpretability metrics, integration of multi-scale genomic features, and creation of interpretable AI platforms for clinical genomics. In conclusion, interpretable AI methods are essential to bridge predictive power and biological insight, enabling responsible use of AI for genomic research, precision medicine, and genome editing.
Intelligent Visualization Frameworks Driven by AI for Multi-Dimensional Genomic Data Exploration and Interpretation
In the era of high‑throughput sequencing and multi‑omics profiling, the volume and complexity of genomic data pose significant challenges for researchers seeking to generate actionable insights. Traditional static visualization tools often fail to accommodate the scale, heterogeneity, and dimensionality of modern genomic datasets. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers transformative potential for advanced visualization: interactive, adaptive, and insight‑driven tools that support exploration, pattern detection and hypothesis generation. This paper presents a comprehensive framework for developing AI‑powered visualization systems tailored to genomic data workflows. We describe key components including data ingestion, feature embedding, dimensionality reduction, graph‑neural network-based layout generation, and interactive UI modules. A prototype application was evaluated on three use‑cases: whole‑genome variant distributions (n = 2,000 samples), transcriptome‑variant integration (n = 500), and 3D chromatin interaction visualization (Hi‑C data, n = 50). The AI‑augmented visualizations enabled users to identify sub‑population clusters 30 % faster than baseline tools, and to detect rare variant hotspots previously overlooked in manual reviews. We discuss challenges such as model interpretability, user‑interface design, real‑time interaction at scale, and dataset bias. Finally, we outline future directions including self‑supervised visualization embedding, immersive VR/AR genomics dashboards, federated collaborative visualization and deployment in clinical genomics settings. In conclusion, AI‑powered visualization tools hold the promise to democratize access to complex genomic data, accelerate discovery and enhance the interpretability of large‑scale genomics studies—provided that rigorous design, user‑centered workflows and open standards are embraced.
INDIGENOUS PRODUCTION AND EXTERNAL DEPENDENCE IN HIGH-TECHNOLOGY MILITARY CAPABILITIES: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DETERRENCE AND FOREIGN POLICY SUCCESS
This study systematically examines the impact of high-technology military capabilities on foreign policy success through the variables of indigenous production depth and external dependence. In the international relations literature, military power has generally been treated as a given and homogeneous variable, with insufficient scrutiny of its production conditions and supply relationships. However, today's complex technology ecosystems have rendered the political effects of military capacity more indirect and conditional. This study addresses this gap by analyzing the causal chain of "military capability → deterrence credibility → foreign policy success" through a mechanism-based approach. The study employs a qualitative comparative analysis method, conceptualizing indigenous production as a multi-layered structure encompassing control over critical subcomponents, access to software and algorithmic capabilities, and integration capacity. External dependence is assessed through persistent constraint layers including licensing restrictions, export control risks, maintenance monopolies, and software update dependencies. Findings demonstrate that as indigenous production depth increases, deterrence credibility rises, positively correlating with foreign policy success. Conversely, as external dependence intensifies, deterrence becomes conditional and foreign policy performance is constrained. The analysis also emphasizes the critical importance of the temporal dimension, showing that short-term external procurement advantages can deepen dependence channels over the long term. The study offers an original theoretical synthesis by integrating realism's emphasis on power with the network approach of weaponized interdependence literature. Military technology is reconceptualized not merely as an instrument of foreign policy but as a structural condition shaping the foreign policy space itself. The results reveal that defense industry policies are directly related to foreign policy autonomy and that these two domains must be addressed in an integrated manner.
Adaptive Camouflage Networks (ACN): A Real-Time AI-Driven Framework for Dynamic Visual Concealment in Complex Environments
Adaptive Camouflage Networks (ACN) introduce a cyber-physical framework that couples real-time adversarial texture generation with large-area electrochromic textiles to render ground vehicles virtually invisible to CNN-based VIS-LWIR seekers. Fusing on-edge multimodal sensing (RGB, LWIR, depth) within a 256-D latent vector, a quantized StyleGAN2-LC network updates 64×64-pixel drive commands every 198 MS while consuming 2.35 W on average. Across 2.7 million software-in-the-loop frames spanning urban, rural and snowy theatres, ACN suppressed YOLOv5x detection probability from 0.82 (NATO static) to 0.19 (η² = 0.71, p < 0.001), extended median concealment horizon from 1.2 s to 5.9 s, and met < 200 MS latency in 96.7 % of trials. Event-driven refresh saved 62 % energy versus full-frame updates, enabling 4-h mission profiles without alternator upgrade. Manufacturable via roll-to-roll coating (< 50 USD m⁻²), ACN offers a near-term, retrofit-ready survivability multiplier against pervasive drone surveillance.
Utilising Comics in Bullying Prevention Education for Primary School Pupils
Bullying among primary school pupils remains a critical concern, affecting students’ emotional well-being, social development, and academic performance. Early intervention is essential to cultivate empathy, respect, and positive social behaviours, thereby fostering a safe and inclusive school environment. This study explores the use of comics as an educational medium for bullying prevention, emphasising their suitability for young learners due to their visual, narrative-based, and reflective nature. Drawing on theoretical frameworks including Bandura’s social learning theory, Piaget’s constructivism, Vygotsky’s socio-cultural theory, and Mayer’s multimedia learning theory, the study highlights how comics can model positive behaviours, contextualise anti-bullying messages, and support cognitive and emotional engagement. The research discusses principles for selecting appropriate comics, strategies for integration into lesson plans and counselling sessions, and the use of both physical and digital platforms to maximise reach and effectiveness. Evaluation methods, including formative assessments, reflective activities, and behavioural observations, are proposed to measure comprehension, value internalisation, and behavioural change. While comics offer advantages such as enhanced engagement, emotional resonance, and visual literacy, limitations related to content depth, learning preferences, and implementation support are acknowledged. Ultimately, this study underscores the potential of comics as a practical, theory-driven, and age-appropriate tool for bullying prevention, promoting ethical character development, empathy, and pro-social behaviours among primary school pupils.
Designing Inclusive Pedagogy for AI Learning: A Framework Based on Universal Design for Learning (UDL), Ethical Guidelines, and Learning Praxes
As artificial intelligence (AI) permeates educational systems, instructors must reconcile the promise of personalization and access with risks of bias, exclusion, and unequal capacity to benefit. This article advances an Inclusive Pedagogy Framework for AI Teaching and Learning (IPFAITL) that integrates Universal Design for Learning (UDL), ethical AI principles, and critical learning praxis into a coherent, implementable model. Drawing from extensive research on inclusive pedagogy (Ybyrayeva, & Yermakhanova, 2022), AI ethics in education, and critical learning theory, this framework addresses the multifaceted challenges of teaching and learning with AI while promoting accessibility, equity, and social justice (Capraro, et al., 2023). The proposed framework provides practical guidance for educators, curriculum developers, and policymakers seeking to implement AI-enhanced education that serves all learners, particularly those from marginalized and historically underrepresented communities.
“PRESERVATIVE SYSTEMS IN HERBAL COSMETICS: A REVIEW OF MARKETED PRESERVATIVES AND THEIR EFFECTIVENESS”
This review explores the various preservation systems used in herbal cosmetics, with a focus on both natural and synthetic preservatives currently available in the market. Natural preservatives such as lemon oil, neem, honey, turmeric, and aloe vera are examined for their antimicrobial properties and compatibility with cosmetic formulations. The article also discusses commonly used synthetic preservatives, including parabens, aldehydes, and glycol ethers, highlighting their mechanisms, effectiveness, and safety concerns. An ideal preservative should be stable, non-toxic, and effective at low concentrations, with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Although synthetic preservatives remain widely used, natural alternatives are gaining popularity due to perceived safety and consumer preference. The review concludes by emphasizing the need for further research into optimized combinations of natural preservatives that meet regulatory standards and consumer expectations.
Awareness and Attitudes Regarding Liquid-Based Cytology vs Conventional Pap Smear among medical student
Background: Cervical cancer remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among women worldwide, with screening playing a pivotal role in early detection and prevention. The conventional Pap smear is widely practiced, while liquid-based cytology (LBC) offers improved accuracy and specimen adequacy. However, awareness and attitudes toward these screening modalities among AYUSH students have not been adequately explored, despite their emerging role in preventive healthcare. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted among AYUSH undergraduate students from selected colleges. A total of 118 valid responses were collected through a structured Google Form. The questionnaire comprised demographic details and items assessing knowledge, awareness, and attitudes toward Pap smear and LBC. Data were compiled in Google Sheets and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Out of 118 participants, only 28% demonstrated good knowledge regarding cervical cancer screening, while 13% were completely unaware of Pap smear and LBC, with the majority of this group being second-year students. Attitudes were more favorable, with 62% of respondents showing a positive outlook toward the importance of cervical cancer screening. Regarding intended practice, 54% expressed willingness to recommend LBC in future, while 31% favored conventional Pap smear due to cost-effectiveness. Conclusion: The study highlights a considerable knowledge gap among AYUSH students regarding cervical cancer screening methods, despite a generally positive attitude. Integrating cancer screening modules into AYUSH curricula and organizing interprofessional awareness programs are essential to strengthen their role in preventive healthcare and promote wider acceptance of advanced cytological techniques like LBC.
Understanding Knowledge and Attitude Toward Cervical Cancer Screening in Women Aged 35 and Above
Background: Cervical cancer is a major public health concern among women in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in those aged above 35 years. Despite the availability of Pap smear and HPV testing, awareness and uptake remain suboptimal. Objective: To assess the knowledge and attitude toward cervical cancer screening (Pap smear and HPV testing) among women aged 35–55 years. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted among 240 volunteer women aged 35 to 55 years. Data were collected using Google Forms, and responses were compiled in Google Sheets for analysis. The questionnaire included sociodemographic details, reproductive history, knowledge questions, and attitude items measured on a Likert scale. Knowledge was scored, and participants were classified into poor, moderate, or good knowledge categories. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used to summarize findings. Results: Among 240 participants, the majority (60%) demonstrated poor knowledge regarding cervical cancer and its screening, 22% had moderate knowledge, and only 12% showed good knowledge. Awareness of HPV as the primary cause of cervical cancer was observed in just 8% of women. Despite low knowledge, most participants expressed positive attitudes, with over 70% reporting willingness to undergo screening if recommended by a healthcare provider. Common barriers included fear, embarrassment, and cost. Conclusion: The study reveals a significant knowledge gap among women aged 35–55 years, particularly regarding HPV and cervical cancer prevention, despite a generally favorable attitude toward screening. Strengthened awareness programs, provider recommendations, and affordable screening strategies, including HPV self-sampling, may help improve screening uptake and reduce cervical cancer burden.
INFLUENCE OF OFFICE ENVIRONMENT ON MANAGER’S PRODUCTIVITY IN SERVICE COMPANIES IN NIGERIA
This study examined the influence of office environment on managers’ productivity in service companies in Nigeria, focusing on factors such as lighting, ventilation, office layout, noise, and ergonomic design. Using a secondary, quantitative research approach, data were sourced from published organizational reports, surveys, and existing literature, and analyzed through descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis. The results revealed that lighting, ventilation, and ergonomic office design had a significant positive relationship with managers’ productivity, while noise was found to negatively influence productivity. Regression analysis further showed that the office environment variables jointly accounted for approximately 62% of the variation in managers’ productivity (R² = 0.62, p < 0.05). Among these variables, ergonomic office design (β = 0.41, p < 0.01) and lighting (β = 0.36, p < 0.05) emerged as the strongest predictors. The hypothesis testing confirmed that the office environment significantly influences managerial productivity in service companies in Nigeria. These findings highlight the critical importance of investing in modern workplace infrastructure, creating noise-controlled office settings, and ensuring adequate ventilation and lighting to enhance managerial performance.
Siddha Varma Stimulation as a Non-Pharmacological Strategy for Insomnia: Clinical Evaluation of Kothandaadangal Points
Background: Insomnia is a prevalent sleep disorder that significantly affects quality of life and overall health. While conventional treatments are effective, they may lead to dependency, cognitive side effects, or tolerance. Siddha medicine, particularly its Varma therapy approach, offers a non-invasive traditional alternative for managing nervous system disorders, including insomnia. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Kothandaadangal Varma point stimulation in improving sleep outcomes among patients with primary insomnia. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 20 participants aged 25–60 years, diagnosed with primary insomnia as per ICSD-3 criteria. Patients received Kothandaadangal Varma stimulation thrice weekly for six weeks. Sleep quality was evaluated using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and self-reported sleep diaries. Results: A significant reduction in ISI scores was observed, decreasing from a baseline mean of 22.5 to 11.2. Sleep latency reduced from 60 minutes to 25 minutes, and average total sleep time increased from 4.2 to 6.8 hours. No adverse effects were reported. Conclusion: Kothandaadangal Varma stimulation appears to be a safe and effective complementary therapy for primary insomnia, with outcomes aligning with both traditional Siddha concepts and modern neurophysiological mechanisms.
Hulse Taylor Pair Revisited in Primary-centric Frame-work
This paper describes the Primary-centric Framework conceived by the Author for describing first order binaries or higher order binaries. This paper gives the formation and evolution process of the Pulsar-Neutron Star System by common envelope evolution and by dynamical coupling. The discovery of the Hulse-Taylor Pair is described. Its impact in terms of universal orbital decay, periastron advance and its effect on astrophysical landscape is described. The Binary Neutron Stars discovered till date are tabulated. The underlying physics of Gravitational Wave Radiation is unveiled and the impact it has on the Binary System in terms of inspiral, ringdown,chirp signal and final merger is described and the aftermath of merger is also described. This study points to the possibility of using Binary Neutron Star (BNS) as a probe for extreme gravity and quantum gravity.
EFFECTS OF VARIATION IN WATER SOLUBLE AEROSOL CONCENTRATIONS AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY IMPACT ON THE POLARIZABILITY AND PHASE FUNCTION OF URBAN ATMOSPHERE
This research investigates how changes in water-soluble aerosol concentrations and relative humidity (RH) affect the optical properties of irregularly-shaped urban aerosols. Using the Optical Properties of Aerosols and Clouds software (OPAC 4.0), urban aerosol optical properties at visible wavelengths (0.4-0.8 μm) were simulated across eight relative humidities (0%,50%,70%,80%,90%,95%,98%,99%). We applied Stokes parameters to calculate phase functions and combined Claussi-Massoti formulation with Maxwell and Lorentz-Lorentz relations were used for computation of effective polarizabilities. The results reveal new information on how RH and aerosol concentration impact urban aerosol optical properties. Notably, we determined effective polarizabilities, polarization, and phase function data using OPAC 4.0 and determined aerosol size growth curves' mean exponent through effective hygroscopic growth. Effective polarizability exhibits a decrease with increasing wavelength and water-soluble aerosols concentration, whereas it increases with rising relative humidity. Phase function decreases with the increase in wavelength and also, decreases with the increase in scattering angle, satisfies power law. When all the plots were compared, phase functions increase with the increase in relative humidity, increases with the increase in the concentration of water-soluble aerosols.
BACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILES OF FOOD SAMPLES FROM STREET VENDORS ALONG OTOLO DUMP SITE IN NNEWI NORTH
Food safety remains a critical public health challenge globally, particularly in developing regions where street food vending is widespread and often unregulated. This study evaluated the bacteriological quality of street-vended foods near the Otolo dumpsite in Nnewi North Local Government Area, Anambra State, Nigeria, where environmental contamination poses a significant risk to food safety. Adopting a cross-sectional descriptive design, the study collected and analyzed ten food samples, including beans, plantain, yam, akara (fried bean cakes), and okpa (steamed bean pudding), from local vendors. Samples were aseptically packaged, transported to the Microbiology laboratory of Technology Incubation Centre, Onitsha-Okigwe Expressway, Nnewi and subjected to microbiological analysis to identify bacterial isolates and assess contamination levels. The results revealed significant bacterial contamination across all food samples, with the highest total bacterial count recorded in beans. Identified pathogens included Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterobacter spp., and Bacillus subtilis. The presence of fecal coliforms further indicated poor hygiene practices among vendors, likely due to the use of contaminated water and unsanitary food handling conditions. Statistical analysis using descriptive methods showed no significant relationship between bacterial isolates and the type of food sample (p = 0.952), suggesting that contamination was primarily driven by external factors such as environmental exposure, improper food handling, and proximity to the dumpsite. These findings underscore the severe public health risks associated with consuming street-vended foods in areas with poor sanitation. To address these risks, the study recommends comprehensive hygiene training for vendors, stricter enforcement of food safety regulations, and the relocation of vending sites to cleaner environments with access to potable water and waste disposal facilities. Additionally, regular microbial monitoring of street foods and public awareness campaigns on food safety practices are essential to reduce contamination and prevent foodborne illnesses. This study highlights the urgent need for targeted interventions by policymakers, public health authorities, and community stakeholders to improve food safety standards and protect consumer health in high-risk settings.
Systematic Literature Review: Opportunities and Challenges of One Data Indonesia Implementation in the Regions
The implementation of the One Data Indonesia policy at the regional level faces various opportunities and challenges that need to be identified to support its success. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the implementation of One Data Indonesia in the regions, including opportunities for improving transparency and collaboration, as well as challenges such as resource constraints and resistance to change. The method used is a systematic literature review with a PICOS approach (Population: local government; Intervention: implementation of One Data; Comparison: regions that have implemented it well and compared with regions that are still in the early stages of implementation; Outcome: opportunities and challenges faced by each region; Study Design: empirical study. The research findings indicate that the main challenges in implementing Satu Data Indonesia in regions lie in limited infrastructure and human resource capacity. Many regions, especially in remote areas, face difficulties in accessing adequate information technology and lack skills in data management and analysis. One opportunity that must be fully utilized is the momentum of digital transformation acceleration, as SDI can be one of the solutions in implementing existing digital transformation policies.
Implementation of the Independent Learning Curriculum in Driving Schools
The implementation of the Independent Curriculum at SD Negeri 2 Ternate City has been running gradually in grades I, II, IV and V. The objectives of this study are: 1) To determine the implementation of the independent curriculum at the driving school of SD Negeri 2 Ternate City, 2) To determine the readiness of teachers in implementing the independent curriculum at SD Negeri 2 Ternate City. This study uses a qualitative approach method with a descriptive research type. The subjects of the study were the principal, teachers, and students. Data collection was carried out by observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis techniques used were data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. While the validity test of the data was carried out using Triangulation Techniques. The results of this study are that in SD Negeri 2 Kota Ternate has implemented the curriculum in stages and in this curriculum the teacher is only a motivator for students, after that there are several teacher and school readiness, namely by preparing adequate learning tools in implementing this curriculum, following, preparing Teaching Modules, and attending workshops held by the government. The problems with this curriculum are, lack of human resources, the presence of teachers who are not tech-savvy, lack of teacher readiness, problems in planning, implementing, and assessing learning. One way to overcome these problems is by looking for sources on social media, joining the Learning community, following PMO mentoring, holding tutoring, making important notes, conducting pretests, and attending training related to the Merdeka Curriculum. The independent learning curriculum at State Elementary School 2, Tenate City involves students in the learning process and gives them the opportunity to determine their learning path. This is done by giving students the freedom to choose the topics they want to learn, the learning methods that are most suitable for them, and to follow programs that suit their interests and needs..
ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT AND ITS EFFECT ON EMPLOYMENT GENERATION IN NORTH CENTRAL NIGERIA
Despite various government entrepreneurship development programs in Gboko in Benue State, Gboko continues to grapple with high levels of unemployment. This study investigates the impact of entrepreneurship development on employment generation in Gboko, Benue State. However, the specific objectives are to: evaluate the current state of entrepreneurship development in Gboko, including the type of businesses established and the sector they operate in, identify the challenges and barriers faced by entrepreneurs in Gboko,such as access to finance, training and infrastructure, propose recommendations for enhancing entrepreneurship development in Gboko to boost employment and economic growth, access the current employment situation in Gboko, including unemployment and underemployment rates. While Using quantitative approach, data input was collected with questionnaires from local entrepreneurs, employees of entrepreneurship development organizations, and government officials. The findings indicate that entrepreneurship development programs significantly contribute to job creation in Gboko. Key challenges identified include limited access to finance and inadequate infrastructure. Recommendations for improving the effectiveness of these programs are provided. A sample of 222 entrepreneurs were selected using the random sampling technique and were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square. Key findings indicate a significant positive relationship between entrepreneurship development and employment generation, with evidence showing that entrepreneurship initiatives contribute substantially to job creation and economic growth in Gboko. The analysis underscores the importance of supporting entrepreneurial ventures through policy and financial assistance to enhance employment opportunities and foster economic resilience. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers, stakeholders, and community leaders seeking to leverage entrepreneurship as a tool for employment and economic development.
THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY ON EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTIVITY IN THE INDUSTRIAL SECTOR
Digital technology has become a key factor in enhancing efficiency and productivity across various industrial sectors. The implementation of technologies such as automation, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things (IoT) has enabled companies to optimize operational processes, reduce production costs, and improve product quality. This study aims to analyze the positive impacts and challenges of digital technology implementation in the manufacturing and service industries. Using a qualitative approach through literature studies and secondary data analysis, the findings indicate that digitalization can increase efficiency by up to 30% and accelerate production time by up to 40%. However, challenges such as high initial investment costs, the need for workforce training, and data security risks remain significant barriers to digital technology adoption. Therefore, companies must develop appropriate strategies for technology implementation to ensure sustainability and business competitiveness in the digital era. The results of this study are expected to serve as a reference for stakeholders in designing policies that support digital transformation in the industrial sector.
Isolation and Screening for the Degradative Potential of Beneficial Microbes on Different Solid Waste Substrates Generated at Ihiala, Anambra State, Nigeria
Several environmental researchers have widely documented microorganisms' role in restoring the environment's natural state. This study investigated the isolation and screening for the degradative potentials of beneficial microbes on different solid waste substrates generated at Ihiala, Anambra State, Nigeria. Soil and root soybean samples were collected at a garden located at Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli Campus. Ripe queen pineapple (Ananas comosus) specimens were bought from Nkwo Ogbe Market, Ihiala, Anambra State. The samples were screened for beneficial microorganisms using a composed medium for bacteria and yeast extract agar for yeasts. The ability of the microbial isolates to degrade complex environmental wastes was investigated using starch, fat, protein, lignin, and cellulose-containing media, which also enabled clear zones and enzymatic indexes to be measured using Congo red stain. The results revealed that 13 microorganisms were isolated from the cultured substrates, and 3 out of the 13 isolates exhibited high degradative potential, as seen in the value of the enzymatic index. The ability of the microbial isolates to degrade starch, lipid, protein, lignin, and cellulose in the composed media showed that the isolates synthesized amylase, lipase, proteinase, ligninase, and cellulase, respectively. This study has revealed that degradative microorganisms are found in the environment, and the ability of the isolated microorganisms to break down complex organic compounds into simpler ones shows that they could break down the components of solid wastes, mainly carbohydrates, protein, cellulose, lignin, and lipids.
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BENEFICIAL MICROBES FOR MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Developing an eco-friendly method of solid waste management in society has been challenging. This study was carried out to isolate and characterize beneficial microbes for municipal solid waste management. Soil and root soybean samples were collected at a garden located at Chukwuemeka Odumegwu OJukwu University, Uli Campus. Ripe queen pineapple (Ananas comosus) specimens were bought from Nkwo Ogbe Market, Ihiala, Anambra State. The samples were screened for beneficial microorganisms using a composed medium for bacteria and yeast extract agar for yeasts. The ability of the microbial isolates to degrade complex environmental wastes was investigated using starch, fat, protein, lignin, and cellulose-containing media, which also enabled clear zones and enzymatic indexes to be measured using Congo red stain. The beneficial microbes were characterized using cultural, microscopic, biochemical, and molecular features, and phylogenetic relatedness was also investigated using standard microbiological techniques. The results revealed that 13 microorganisms were isolated from the cultured substrates, and three of the 13 isolates exhibited high degradative potential, as shown in the value of the enzymatic index. These beneficial microbes were identified as Enterobacter sp. RB1 (KX548942.1), Bacillus thuringensis PSB2c (ON939710.1), and Candida tropicalis Y3 (KY112741.1). The Phylogenetic relationship depicted that Bacillus thuringensis PSB2c and Candida tropicalis Y3 had similar ancestry, while Enterobacter sp. RB1 deviated in ancestry This study has shown that beneficial microbes degrade complex organic matter in solid wastes found in the environment, which could be optimized for novel solid waste management.
Leveraging Artificial Intelligence in Libraries: Transforming Information Access for a Sustainable Knowledge System
In the era of rapid technological advancement, libraries play a vital role in facilitating equitable access to knowledge and information. the increasing volume of data and the complexity of managing information resources have posed challenges to traditional library systems. Artificial Intelligence (AI) presents promising opportunities to optimize library operations, improve user experiences, and promote a sustainable knowledge framework. This study examines the potential of AI in libraries to revolutionize information access, emphasizing its applications, prospective advantages, challenges, and the sustainable implementation of AI within the library ecosystem.
Workplace Challenges in Managing New Employees
Managing new employees in the workplace presents unique challenges for organizations striving to integrate fresh talent into their teams. The onboarding process, although essential, often faces obstacles such as a lack of clear communication, mismatched expectations, and difficulties in adapting to organizational culture. New employees frequently struggle with role clarity, learning the intricacies of their tasks, and building relationships with colleagues. This article explores these challenges and provides insights into how organizations can improve their strategies to enhance new employee experiences. It emphasizes the importance of structured onboarding, mentorship, continuous feedback, and fostering a welcoming and inclusive environment to ensure new hires are equipped for success. By addressing these challenges effectively, organizations can improve employee retention, engagement, and overall performance.
SELF-CONTROL, FINANCIAL LITERACY AND CONSUMER OVER-INDEBTEDNESS
Consumer over-indebtedness is a growing global concern, driven by impulsive spending behaviors, inadequate financial literacy, and easy access to credit. This study investigates the interplay between self-control, financial literacy, and consumer over-indebtedness to understand the behavioral and cognitive factors contributing to financial vulnerability. Using a qualitative approach, the research employs a case study design involving in-depth interviews with individuals experiencing significant debt burdens and participants of financial literacy programs. Data were analyzed thematically to identify patterns and relationships. The findings reveal that low self-control leads to impulsive borrowing and high reliance on costly credit products, while limited financial literacy exacerbates poor debt management decisions. Respondents with strong self-control but limited financial knowledge, and vice versa, faced challenges in achieving optimal financial outcomes. Behavioral interventions, such as budgeting, self-control training, and outcome elaboration prompts, emerged as effective tools to improve borrowing behavior and debt management. Socioeconomic factors, including income shocks and access to affordable credit, further influenced respondents' financial resilience. The study recommends integrated financial education programs combined with behavioral strategies, regulatory frameworks for responsible lending, and financial safety nets to mitigate consumer over-indebtedness. These interventions can empower individuals to make informed financial decisions and build long-term financial resilience.
GROUNDWATER POTENTIAL AND FLOW PATTERN USING ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY DATA IN UTURU, ABIA STATE, NIGERIA
This study is aimed at evaluating the groundwater potential and flow pattern in Uturu using the electrical resistivity data gotten from the Electrical resistivity method. The VES results showed that the first three VES locations have six layers, while VES-4 has five layers. VES-1 and VES-3 have the same QHA curve, while VES-2 and VES-4 have KHA and KQQ curve types respectively. The geoelectric unit curves and the adopted lithological borehole log show that the lithology of the shallow seated layers is characterized by thin loamy/lumus to laterietic topsoil, clay, sandy clay and medium grained sand, while the aquiferous zones are characterized by coarse grained sands. The aquifer layers of VES-1, VES-2 and VES-4 are sandy clay and are not good potable water zones. The VES-3 was found to have very good groundwater potential with a resistivity range of 41.8<!-- [if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMath><m:r><m:rPr><m:scr m:val="roman"/><m:sty m:val="p"/></m:rPr>Ω</m:r></m:oMath><![endif]--> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; position: relative; top: 4.0pt; mso-text-raise: -4.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> m to 2525<!-- [if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMath><m:r><m:rPr><m:scr m:val="roman"/><m:sty m:val="p"/></m:rPr>Ω</m:r></m:oMath><![endif]--> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; position: relative; top: 4.0pt; mso-text-raise: -4.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> m, aquifer thickness range of 0.605m to 37.2m and a better deep-seated layer of depth range, 0.607m to72.8m located in a coarse-grained sand. The flow pattern of the groundwater in VES-3 was found to lie in the Northeastern to Southwestern direction. This is because the geoelectric section of this VES point lies across the Northeast to Southeast. It is recommended that any borehole to be sited in this study area should be drilled beyond the 72.8m of the VES-3 to get to the white grained coarse sand (good and potable water aquiferous zone) located within the depth of about 93 to 111m.
Assessment of Cost and Returns of Poultry Farming in Kuje Area Council of Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
This research examined the Cost and Return Analysis on Poultry farming in Kuje, Area Council Abuja. The study essentially made use of primary data. Data were collected from three (3) wards of Kuje Area Council that are majorly involved in Poultry farming. Namely Chukuku, Chibiri and Kiyi with the help of Agricultural Development Project (ADP) and total of 50 respondents were randomly selected. The data were obtained through a well-structured questionnaire. The study examine the specific objective of this study which include: determine the costs and returns of poultry farming in the study area and to determine the profitability of poultry farming in study area. And the data collected base on these objectives were analyzed using Gross margin, gross margin ratio, Net farm income return on investment, and (constraint) mean and standard deviation. The result of the costs and returns analysis revealed that Gross Margin was N604,110.00, Net farm income 240,886.00, Return of investment 29.77 and Gross margin ratio 57.53, The study revealed the return on investment were 29.77 was realized per unit on broiler production, which shows that there is profitability in production of broilers in the study area. While some constraints associated with poultry farming was identified as poor management, disease outbreak, high cost of feed, improper vaccination and inadequate input supply. This study recommend that, new innovation and technology that targets increased production of broiler farmers, provision of adequate extension services should be intensified to address training of broiler farmers so as to reduce improper vaccination and inadequate input supply, lastly government agencies should simplified access to credit and grants to existing and prospective broiler farmers.
Assessing the Impact of Relief on Dick Tiger Flooding in Owerri Municipal Using GIS and Remote Sensing Techniques
Flooding in urban areas is a recurring environmental challenge, particularly in rapidly developing regions like Owerri Urban. This study assesses the impact of relief on flooding in the Dick Tiger area of Owerri, employing Remote Sensing and GIS techniques. The research aims to model how topographical features, including elevation and slope, contribute to flood risk in this area, which is frequently inundated during heavy rainfall. Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) were used to analyze the terrain, identifying low-lying areas prone to water accumulation. The findings highlight the significance of relief as a critical factor in flood occurrence, with certain slopes and elevation levels correlating strongly with increased flood risk. The study provides a clear visualization of flood-prone zones by overlaying flood data with topographical maps. The research also explores the implications for urban planning, emphasizing the need for incorporating topographical analysis in flood management strategies. This approach could significantly reduce the vulnerability of the Dick Tiger area to flooding. The study's novel application of Remote Sensing and GIS technology in assessing the topographical contributions to urban flooding represents a significant advancement in flood risk management. It also underscores the importance of integrating scientific data into urban planning processes to build more resilient cities. This research serves as a foundational step towards developing more effective flood mitigation strategies in Owerri Urban, with broader applicability to other flood-prone urban centers in Nigeria.