Abstract:

Background:
Swine influenza (H1N1), caused by Influenza A viruses (IAVs) of the Orthomyxoviridae family, is a zoonotic disease of significant concern affecting both the pig industry and public health. Pigs serve as intermediate hosts where genetic reassortment of influenza strains may occur, potentially leading to pandemics in the human population. In recent years, recurrent outbreaks have highlighted the importance of community-level awareness, preventive strategies, and treatment preferences in managing such infections. This study focuses on assessing the treatment-seeking behavior, symptom presentation, and preventive practices adopted by the residents of Valasaiyur, Salem during an outbreak of H1N1 influenza.

Methods:
A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey was conducted in 2024 among 215 participants residing in Valasaiyur, Salem. The survey included questions on demographic information, treatment preference, symptomatology, underlying medical conditions, and the use of preventive measures, with a particular focus on the utilization of Siddha medicine alongside conventional systems.

Results:
Among the 215 participants, 51% reported preferring Siddha medicine for the management of H1N1 symptoms, followed by 41% opting for allopathy, and 4% each for homeopathy and Ayurveda. Commonly reported symptoms included fever (55%), cough (15%), shortness of breath (15%), vomiting (10%), and headache (5%). Hospital admissions were necessary for several individuals, especially those with comorbidities such as diabetes (56%), asthma (37%), and pregnancy (7%). Notably, 67% of individuals who remained unaffected reported regular intake of preventive Siddha formulations such as Kabhasura Kudineer, indicating a potential role in prophylaxis.

Conclusion:
The study underscores the prominence of Siddha medicine as a preferred treatment and preventive strategy among the local population during H1N1 outbreaks. The integration of traditional practices with modern medicine may enhance community resilience and early management during influenza epidemics. Continued public education and research into integrative approaches are essential for improved outbreak preparedness and response.

Keywords: H1N1; Swine Influenza; Siddha Medicine; Community Survey; Kabhasura Kudineer; Salem; Preventive Healthcare; Zoonotic Disease.