Nanotechnology Beneath: Innovations Fuelling Advances in Acute Care Medicine, Cardiology, Oncology, and Hypertension
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65336/WJAMS.2025.21105Keywords:
Nanotechnology, biomedical engineering, cardiology, oncology, hypertension, acute care medicine, targeted therapy, nano sensorsAbstract
Nanotechnology has emerged as a critical driver of innovation in biomedical engineering, providing foundational solutions for diagnostics, therapeutics, and monitoring across cardiology, oncology, hypertension, and acute care medicine. This paper explores how nanoscale materials, devices, and systems facilitate early detection, targeted therapy, and continuous patient monitoring, thereby enhancing clinical outcomes. In cardiology, nanotechnology-enabled sensors, nanoparticles, and nano-bio interfaces improve real-time monitoring of cardiac biomarkers, enable precise drug delivery, and enhance imaging resolution, contributing to early detection and intervention in cardiovascular diseases. In oncology, nanoscale drug carriers, quantum dots, and nanoparticle-based imaging agents improve tumor targeting, reduce off-target toxicity, and enhance visualization for early tumor detection and therapy planning. For hypertension, nanotechnology-enabled nano sensors and smart drug delivery systems provide continuous monitoring and controlled release of antihypertensive agents, enabling personalized and adaptive therapy strategies. In acute care medicine, nanoscale diagnostic devices and biosensors support rapid point-of-care detection of critical biomarkers, sepsis, and organ dysfunction, facilitating timely interventions and improving survival rates. Despite its promise, challenges remain, including biocompatibility, long-term safety, regulatory approval, and cost-effective scalability. This study employs a mixed-method approach, including a comprehensive literature review, analysis of existing nanotechnology-based biomedical devices, and evaluation of clinical outcomes reported in peer-reviewed studies. Findings highlight that nanotechnology functions as a “beneath-the-surface” enabler, transforming the landscape of medical diagnostics, therapeutics, and patient monitoring. Its continued development and integration into clinical practice hold significant potential to revolutionize healthcare delivery, promote precision medicine, and improve patient outcomes across multiple medical domains.
References
1. Parvin, N., Joo, S. W., Jung, J. H., & Mandal, T. K. (2025). Innovative Micro- and Nano-Architectures in Biomedical Engineering for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Applications. Micromachines, 16(4), 419. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16040419
2. Pala R, Anju VT, Dyavaiah M, Busi S, Nauli SM. Nanoparticle-Mediated Drug Delivery for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Nanomedicine. 2020 May 27; 15:3741-3769. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S250872
3. Sikkander, A. M., Bassyouni, F., Yasmeen, K., Mishra, S. R., & Lakshmi, V. V. (2023). Synthesis of Zinc Oxide and Lead Nitrate Nanoparticles and their Applications: Comparative Studies of Bacterial and Fungal (E. coli, A. Niger).
4. Sikkander, A. R. M., Vedhi, C., & Manisankar, P. (2012). Electrochemical determination of calcium channel blocker drugs using multiwall carbon nanotube-modified glassy carbon electrode.
5. Sikkander, A. R. M., Meenab, M., Yadavc, H., Wahi, N., & Lakshmi, V. V. Appraisal of the Impact of Applying Organometallic Compounds in Cancer Therapy.
6. Mohamed, S. A. R., Yadav, H., Meena, M., Wahi, N., & Kumar, K. (2024). A Review of Diagnostic Nano Stents: Part (I).
7. Sikkander, A. M., & Nachiar, R. Assess of Hydrazine Sulphate (N2H6SO4) in Opposition for The Majority of Cancer Cells.
8. Mohamed, S. A. R., Yadav, H., Meena, M., & Lakshmi, V. V. (2024). A Review of Advances in the Development of Bioresorbable Nano Stents: Part (II).
9. Sikkander, A. R. M., Vedhi, C., & Manisankar, P. (2011). Electrochemical stripping studies of amlodipine using Mwcnt modified glassy carbon electrode. Chem Mater Res, 1, 1-7.
10. Parvin, N., Aslam, M., Alam, M. N., & Mandal, T. K. (2025). Nanotechnology Driven Innovations in Modern Pharmaceutics: Therapeutics, Imaging, and Regeneration. Nanomaterials, 15(22), 1733. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15221733
11. Raut, S.S.; Singh, R.; Lekhak, U.M. Naturally Occurring Nanoparticles (NONPs): A Review. Next Sustain. 2024, 3, 100037.
12. Mandal, T.K.; Parvin, N. Rapid Detection of Bacteria by Carbon Quantum Dots. J. Biomed. Nanotechnol. 2011, 7, 846–848.
13. Parvin, N.; Mandal, T.K. Dually Emissive P,N-Co-Doped Carbon Dots for Fluorescent and Photoacoustic Tissue Imaging in Living Mice. Microchim. Acta 2017, 184, 1117–1125.
14. Chehelgerdi, M.; Chehelgerdi, M.; Allela, O.Q.B.; Pecho, R.D.C.; Jayasankar, N.; Rao, D.P.; Thamaraikani, T.; Vasanthan, M.; Viktor, P.; Lakshmaiya, N.; et al. Progressing Nanotechnology to Improve Targeted Cancer Treatment: Overcoming Hurdles in Its Clinical Implementation. Mol. Cancer 2023, 22, 169.
15. Parvin, N.; Joo, S.W.; Mandal, T.K. Nanomaterial-Based Strategies to Combat Antibiotic Resistance: Mechanisms and Applications. Antibiotics 2025, 14, 207.
16. Parvin, N.; Kumar, V.; Joo, S.W.; Mandal, T.K. Emerging Trends in Nanomedicine: Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Healthcare. Nanomaterials 2024, 14, 1085.
17. Islam, S.; Ahmed, M.M.S.; Islam, M.A.; Hossain, N.; Chowdhury, M.A. Advances in Nanoparticles in Targeted Drug Delivery–A Review. Results Surf. Interfaces 2025, 19, 100529.
18. Epameinondas Georgakopoulou, V.; Papalexis, P.; Trakas, N. Nanotechnology-Based Approaches for Targeted Drug Delivery for the Treatment of Respiratory Tract Infections. J. Biol. Methods 2024, 11, e99010032.
19. Al-Thani, A.N.; Jan, A.G.; Abbas, M.; Geetha, M.; Sadasivuni, K.K. Nanoparticles in Cancer Theragnostic and Drug Delivery: A Comprehensive Review. Life Sci. 2024, 352, 122899.
20. Yao, C.; Zhang, D.; Wang, H.; Zhang, P. Recent Advances in Cell Membrane Coated-Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Systems for Tackling Urological Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2023, 15, 1899.
21. Elsaygh J, Zaher A, Parikh MA, Frishman WH, Peterson SJ. Nanotechnology: The Future for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Intervention in Cardiovascular Diseases is Here. Cardiol Rev. 2024 May 30. doi: 10.1097/CRD.0000000000000727
22. Sivakumar, R., Gopalakrishnan, P., & Razak, M. S. A. (2021). Comparative analysis of anti-reflection coatings on solar PV cells through TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles. Pigment & Resin Technology, 51(2), 171-177.
23. Sikkander, A. M. (2022). Intrathecal Chemotherapy for Blood Cancer Treatment. In Acta Biology Forum (pp. 14-17).
24. Sikkander, A. M. Duct Cancer Evaluation In Situ–Review.
25. Sikkander, M., Vedhi, C., & Manisankar, P. (2012). Cyclic voltammetric determination of 1, 4-Dihydro pyridine drugs using MWCNTs modified glassy carbon electrode. Der Chem. Sin, 3, 413-420.
26. Sikkander, A. M., & Nasri, N. S. Review on Inorganic Nano crystals unique benchmark of Nanotechnology.
27. Sikkandera, A. M., Vedhib, C., & Manisankarc, P. (2016). Utilization of sodium montmorillonite clay for enhanced electrochemical sensing of amlodipine. Indian Journal of Chemistry, 55, 571-575.
28. Yadava, C. H., Revanuri, N., & Sikkander, A. R. M. Tungsten-Based Compounds: A New Frontier in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy.
29. Hiremath, G., Mohamed, S. A. R., Upadhyay, R., Acharya, D., Singh, K. P., & Wahi, N. Safety and Efficacy of Drug-Eluting Stents Improved Dramatically with Application of Nanotechnology.
30. Abdul Razak Mohamed Sikkander., RUTHENIUM ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS IN CANCER TREATMENT, Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications, Vol. 37, No. 01, 2430003 (2025) https://doi.org/10.4015/S1016237224300037
31. Chamorro-Garcia A, Merkoçi A. Nanobiosensors in diagnostics. Nanobiomedicine (Rij). 2016 Nov 24; 3:1849543516663574. doi: 10.1177/1849543516663574
32. Rodrigues, J. J., Sikkander, A. R. M., Tripathi, S. L., Kumar, K., Mishra, S. R., & Theivanathan, G. (2025). Healthcare applications of computational genomics.
33. Sikkander, A. M., & Yasmeen, K. Review on Nanotechnology persecute vital role of Curative Applications in Medicinal Field and its ailing Effects.
34. Rodrigues, J. J., Sikkander, A. R. M., Tripathi, S. L., Kumar, K., Mishra, S. R., & Theivanathan, G. (2025). Artificial intelligence’s applicability in cardiac imaging.
35. Sikkander, A. R. M., Tripathi, S. L., & Theivanathan, G. (2025). Extensive sequence analysis: revealing genomic knowledge throughout various domains. In Computational Intelligence for Genomics Data (pp. 17-30). Academic Press.
36. Yasmeen, K., & Sikkander, A. M. (2021). Progression of Nanotools in Neuroscience. J. Sci. Technol, 6, 9-16.
37. Sikkandera, A. M., Vedhic, C., & Manisankarb, P. Eenhanced electrochemical sensing of Nimodipine with Sodium montmorillonite clay.
38. Mohamed Sikkander,A. R. , Mishra,S. R, shankaranarayanan,S. and chegini,S. (2025). The iPSC Based Models for Hereditary Arrhythmias: From Genotype Phenotype Studies to Precision Therapy. SPC Journal of Medical and Healthcare, 1(3), 184-191. doi: 10.48309/sjmh.2025.537906.1074
39. Mohamed Sikkander,A. R. , chegini,S. , Mishra,S. R and Subramanian,S. (2025). Integration of 6G Networks and Deep Learning for Advanced Biomedical Engineering Applications: Real‑Time Analytics, Remote Surgery, and Intelligent Healthcare Systems. SPC Journal of Medical and Healthcare, 1(3), 167-175. doi: 10.48309/sjmh.2025.537895.1073
40. C. Hazarathaiah Yadav, Narendra Revanuri, and Abdul Razak Mohamed Sikkander,ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUND’S PHOTOTOXICITY AGAINST CANCER CELLS, Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and CommunicationsOnline ReadyNo Access, https://doi.org/10.4015/S1016237225500206
41. Anyanwu, N. E. C., Osasona, N. F., Akomolafe, N. O. O., Ogugua, N. J. O., Olorunsogo, N. T., & Daraojimba, N. E. R. (2024). Biomedical engineering advances: A review of innovations in healthcare and patient outcomes. International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 11(1), 870–882. https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2024.11.1.0139
42. Ss, S. (2025). Nanodiagnostics and nanotoxicology: A systematic review and meta-analysis on nanoparticle applications and safety in metabolic organs. OpenNano, 27, 100266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.onano.2025.100266
43. Koukaras, P., & Tjortjis, C. (2025). Data Preprocessing and Feature Engineering for Data Mining: Techniques, Tools, and Best Practices. AI, 6(10), 257. https://doi.org/10.3390/ai6100257
44. A. Mohamed Sikkander, Rajeev Ranjan, Sangeeta R Mishra. Artificial Intelligence in Cerebellum Activation. International Journal of Cheminformatics. 2024; 01(01):14-26. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/ijci/article=2024/view=143947
45. Abdul Razak Mohamed Sikkander, Rajeev Ranjan, Sangeeta R Mishra. Nanoelectronics, Nanoparticles and Nanotechnology in Treatment of Psychological Disorders. International Journal of Environmental Chemistry. 2024; ():-. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/ijec/article=2024/view=143513
46. A. Mohamed Sikkander, Rajeev Ranjan, A. Mohamed Sikkander. Organometallic Osmium Compounds in Cancer Therapy. International Journal of Advance in Molecular Engineering. 2024; 01(02):01-25. Available from: https://journals.stmjournals.com/ijame/article=2024/view=144940
47. Abdul Mohamed Sikkander, Catalytic Activity Advancements in Organometallic Chemistry, https://engineeringjournals.stmjournals.in/index.php/JoCC/issue/view/1274
48. Mohamed Sikkander,A. R. , Yadav,H. and Meena,M. (2024). The Study Examined the Effectiveness of a Nickel (II) Complex Containing 5-Acetyl-????-(adamantan-2-yl) Thiophene-2-Carboxamide as a Derivative for the Drug Isoniazid in Relation to Bacterial, Cancer and Tuberculosis Activities. Advanced Journal of Chemistry, Section A, 7(5), 501-521. doi: 10.48309/ajca.2024.443156.1490
49. Jeetendra Kumar Gupta, Abdul Razak Mohamed Sikkander, Faizan ul Haque Nagrami, Krishan Kumar, Nitin Wahi, 2023.
50. Appraisal, recent advancement, and impacts of nanomedicine in cardiac asthma. Journal of medical pharmaceutical and allied sciences, V 12 - I 5, Pages - 6132 – 6138. Doi: https://doi.org/10.55522/jmpas.V12I5.5214
51. A Mohamed Sikkander, Nanosilicones in Sub Glandular and Sub Muscular Implant Breast Transplantation https://chemical.journalspub.info/index.php?journal=JAAC&page=index
52. Elendu C, Amaechi DC, Elendu TC, Amaechi EC, Elendu ID, Omeludike JC, Omeludike EK, Onubogu NC, Ogelle EC, Meduoye OOM, Oloyede PO, Ezeh CP, Esangbedo IJ, Adigwe AC, Akuma NM, Okafor SU. Essential information about nanotechnology in cardiology. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2025 Jan 31;87(2):748-779. doi: 10.1097/MS9.0000000000002867
53. A. Mohamed Sikkander, Assess of Basal cell carcinoma, Vol 8, No 2 (2022) https://chemical.journalspub.info/index.php?journal=JCME&page=issue&op=view&path%5B%5D=273
54. A. Mohamed Sikkander*, Nanoemulsion in Ophthalmology, Vol 8, No 2 (2022) https://chemical.journalspub.info/index.php?journal=JAWCM&page=index
55. A. Mohamed Sikkander*, Advancement of Agricultural Biotechnology in USA Vol 9, No 2 (2023) https://chemical.journalspub.info/index.php?journal=IJCPD&page=index
56. Sikkander, A. M., Hemavathy, N., & Mishra, S. R. (2022). Tactile System for Visually Impaired People Using Embedded Technology.
57. RamaNachiar, R., & Yasmeen, K. (2022). Assess of Calcitonin against Arthritis.
58. RamaNachiar, R., & Yasmeen, K. (2022). Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in Lungs Cancer Detection.
59. RamaNachiar, R., & Yasmeen, K. (2022). Spiking Neural Network (SNN) Using to Detect Breast Cancer.
60. Sikkander, A. M. (2022). Duct Cancer.
61. Sikkander, A. M., Mishra, S. R., & Kavitha, K. (2022). Review on Nanogold and Nano silver for cervical Cancer Therapy. Journal of Science Letters, 1, 04.
62. Nazir A, Nazir A, Shah Wali Jamal M, Sadiq SUR, Aman S, Mustapha MJ, Lawal SO, AbdulKareem MO, Bamigbola MF. Wearable Technology and Its Potential Role in Cardiovascular Health Monitoring and Disease Management. Health Sci Rep. 2025 Nov 19;8(11):e71486. doi: 10.1002/hsr2.71486
63. Dr. A. Mohamed Sikkander, Ms. S. Sasikala, Dr. K. Kavitha, and Mr. T. Niruban Balu, “Efficacy of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology in Diagnosis and Treatment of Heart Diseas”, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science and Technology, Vol. 01, Issue 04, November 2021, pp.:017-021
64. Sikkander, A. M., & Yasmeen, K. (2021). Review on Green Synthesis of Positively Charged Biocompatible Gold Nanoparticles in Water: Use of Ascorbic Acid as Reducing Agent. Technology, 6(02).
65. Ramachandran, K., & Sikkander, A. M. (2021). Biomedical Signal Processing: Understanding Its Importance and Several Fundamental Steps. TRANSACTION ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS AND HEALTHCARE Учредители: Technoarete Research and Development Association, 2(2).
66. Sikkander, A. M., & Yasmeen, K. (2021). Global Anesthesia & pain Medicine.
67. Sikkander, A. M. (2020). Favipiravir is a Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Prescription Famous to Selectivity Block RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase (RdRp) and SARS-COVID-19
68. Noreen, S., Maqbool, I., Saleem, A., Mahmood, H., & Rai, N. (2025). Recent insights and applications of nanocarriers-based drug delivery systems for colonic drug delivery and cancer therapy: An updated review. Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology, 208, 104646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104646
69. A. Mohamed Sikkander ,SK.Rafi, K.Kavitha3Exigency for Use of Nano Material Biosensors In Diagnosis of Disease Journal of Science and Technology ISSN: 2456-5660 Volume 5, Issue 2, March-April 2020, PP 25-31 www.jst.org.in
70. Mohamed Sikkander,A. . R. , Meena,M. , Yadav,H. , Wahi,N. and Lakshmi,V. V. (2024). Appraisal of the Impact of Applying Organometallic Compounds in Cancer Therapy. Journal of Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 4(2), 145-166. doi: 10.48309/jaoc.2024.433120.1154
71. Sikkander, A. M., & Abbas, H. S. A novel biosensor for pathogens diagnosis. J Clin Bioanal Chem. 2021; 5 (4): 1, 4.
72. Dwivedi, V., & Sikkander, A. M. The Potential Risks of Genetically Altered Animals on the Environment.
73. Osuka, Y., Chan, L. L. Y., Brodie, M. A., Okubo, Y., & Lord, S. R. (2024). A Wrist-Worn wearable device can identify frailty in Middle-Aged and older adults: the UK Biobank study. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 25(10), 105196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2024.105196
74. Thwala LN, Ndlovu SC, Mpofu KT, Lugongolo MY, Mthunzi-Kufa P. Nanotechnology-Based Diagnostics for Diseases Prevalent in Developing Countries: Current Advances in Point-of-Care Tests. Nanomaterials (Basel). 2023 Mar 31;13(7):1247. doi: 10.3390/nano13071247
75. Ma, T., Sun, J., Xue, N., Hassan, J. N. A., & Abbas, A. (2025). Nano-Engineered Sensor Systems for Disease Diagnostics: Advances in Smart Healthcare Applications. Biosensors, 15(12), 777. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15120777
76. Kim, S.-J.; Choi, S.-J.; Jang, J.-S.; Cho, H.-J.; Kim, I.-D. Innovative Nanosensor for Disease Diagnosis. Accounts Chem. Res. 2017, 50, 1587–1596.
77. Li, Z.; He, B.; Li, Y.; Liu, B.-F.; Zhang, G.; Liu, S.; Hu, T.Y.; Li, Y. Synergizing Nanosensor-Enhanced Wearable Devices with Machine Learning for Precision Health Management Benefiting Older Adult Populations. ACS Nano 2025, 19, 26273–26295.
