Genomic Profiling and Targeted Agent Response: Advancing Precision Oncology Through Molecular Diagnostics
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65336/WJAMS.2026.3502Keywords:
Precision cancer, focused treatment, next-generation sequencing, actionable mutations, liquid biopsy, resistance mechanisms, genomic profiling, biomarker-driven therapy.Abstract
Precision oncology now relies heavily on genomic profiling, which helps doctors find actionable mutations and customize treatments based on the molecular features of specific tumours [11,12,40]. Targeted therapy is directed by genomic changes such as gene mutations, amplifications, fusions, and pathway dysregulation, in contrast to traditional cancer treatments that depend on tumour location and histology [12,40]. With a focus on current developments in next-generation sequencing (NGS), liquid biopsy technologies, and biomarker-driven treatment selection, this study investigates the function of genomic profiling in predicting targeted agent response across various cancer types [11,12,40]. Targeted medicines, including EGFR inhibitors, ALK inhibitors, HER2-directed drugs, BRAF inhibitors, and PARP inhibitors, are assessed based on clinical trial data and practical results [68,69]. Response rates, progression-free survival, and resistance patterns were compared using tabulated data from a subset of clinical investigations [68,69].
Results show that by permitting accurate drug matching, lowering needless toxicity, and increasing overall survival, genetic profiling greatly improves treatment outcomes [12,40]. Tumour heterogeneity, the advent of resistance mutations, restricted access to genetic testing, and disparities in the acceptance of precision medicine are still obstacles, nevertheless [12,40]. The growing use of artificial intelligence for treatment selection and variation interpretation is also covered in this research [7,11,12,23,24]. Personalized combination treatments, multi-omics integration, and ongoing genomic monitoring for dynamic treatment adaptation are the main future directions [11,12,21–24].
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