Seroprevalence of Cytomegalovirus Among Children Born Hiv Positive at the Yaounde University Teaching Hospital, After 12 Months of Follow-up: A Cross Sectional Study
Keywords:
Children, CMV, Herpesviridae, HIV, SeroprevalenceAbstract
Background: Cameroon is a country located in Sub-Saharan Africa, an endemic area for the Herpesviridae family. There is very little data on the epidemiology of herpes virus infections, particularly those associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection in people living with HIV(PLHIV), HIV-positive infants, and those with undetectable viral loads. The objective of our study was to determine the seroprevalence of four herpes viruses: cytomegalovirus (CMV) in children living with HIV who were born HIV-positive in Yaoundé. Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted at Yaounde University Teaching Hospital after 12 months of follow-up among children living with HIV who were born HIV-positive, under antiretroviral treatment, and whose medical records were complete and available at the Approved Treatment Center. IgG/IgM antibodies against CMV were qualitatively determined using rapid diagnostic tests for the detection of these pathogens. Data entry and analysis were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) v 22.0, with Fisher's exact test, Chi-square test, and Mann-Whitney test. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Seventy-four participants were included in the study, with a female predominance of 68.92% (n=51/74). The mean age of our cohort was 9.05±5.09 years, and most participants were under 10 years old (56.76%, n=42/74). The seroprevalence of CMV was 95.95%, and the prevalence of alcohol and tobacco use was 22.97% and 24.32%, respectively. Other parameters such as sex, age, disease stage, smoking, and alcohol consumption were significantly associated with seropositivity for these herpesviruses. Conclusion: Despite the absence of most clinical manifestations related to CMV, HSV-1, and HSV-2, it is important to note a high circulation of these viruses among HIV-infected patients, mainly in bi- and tri-infections.
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