Demographic profile and Risk factors associated with early onset of ST elevation Myocardial Infarction in younger people aged <40 years attending a tertiary care hospital in a major city of Bangladesh

Abstract

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a global health concern that results in increased healthcare expenses, disability, and premature mortality. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a condition that is typically observed in elderly adults, but it is now affecting younger individuals. Public awareness of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), its risk factors, and complications is regrettably inadequate. The prevalence and outcomes of youthful coronary artery disease (CAD) are also unknown. The purpose of this investigation is to assess the demographic profile, risk factors, and in-hospital outcomes of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in patients aged 40 years or younger.

Methods: 50 patients who were younger than 40 years old and had been diagnosed with acute STEMI participated in research that was carried out at the Department of Medicine at Khulna Medical College Hospital. In-hospital outcomes, demographic features, risk factors, echocardiographic results, and other variables were evaluated. For the purpose of conducting data analysis, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was utilized. The statistical significance was established at a p-value of ≤0.05 utilizing this software. For the purpose of analysis, the Chi-square test was utilized.

Results: In terms of the patient demographic, male patients made up 74% of the total. Among the group, there was a considerably greater prevalence of smoking (70 percent), a positive family history of ischemic heart disease (52 percent), dyslipidemia (48 percent), and a significantly higher body mass index (BMI). On the other hand, hypertension (14%), diabetes (20%), and a history of angina (16%) were shown to constitute less important factors. A significant improvement in the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was seen (p = 0.005), which is an important finding to take into consideration. Heart failure (16%), arrhythmias (8%), cardiogenic shock (2%), post-myocardial infarction (6%), and in-hospital mortality (6%) were the problems that occurred with a lower degree of frequency.

Conclusions: Younger patients aged <40 with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) show a unique risk profile but tend to have favorable in-hospital outcomes relative to age. The main risk factors in these younger patients include male gender, family history of ischemic heart disease (IHD), smoking, overweight, and dyslipidemia. Early intervention to manage modifiable risk factors, such as smoking, obesity, and dyslipidemia, is essential for reducing the incidence of AMI in this group.