Security and Risk Management: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Security and risk management have become crucial disciplines in safeguarding organizations against diverse threats, ranging from cyberattacks and data breaches to physical security risks and geopolitical uncertainties. Effective risk management involves identifying, assessing, and mitigating risks that could compromise the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of assets. This review article synthesizes existing literature, global standards, and best practices in security and risk management, focusing on methodologies, frameworks, challenges, and future directions. The study highlights the importance of integrating technological, organizational, and human factors in developing holistic risk management strategies.